---
title: bereavement — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bereavement» in the school dictionary: The loss of a close relative or friend because they have died. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bereavement

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**Who acts:** relative, She, school, it, He, bereavement · **What happens:** die, be, offer, feel, take, leave · **To what, where:** close relative, bereavement support, pupils, work, card · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«bereavement» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bereavement in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bereavement.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The loss of a close relative or friend because they have died.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bereavement:m1:1
# text = The loss of a close relative or friend because they have died.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	loss	loss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	relative	relative	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	died	die	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **die** | present · perfect | relative | a close relative or friend *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sadness and time after such a loss.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bereavement:m2:1
# text = The sadness and time after such a loss.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	8	det:predet	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	loss	loss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was off school because of a family bereavement.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bereavement:x1:1
# text = She was off school because of a family bereavement.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	off	off	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	9	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	bereavement	bereavement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | She |  |  |  |  | off school; because a family bereavement | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The school offers bereavement support to pupils.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bereavement:x2:1
# text = The school offers bereavement support to pupils.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	offers	offer	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	bereavement	bereavement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	support	support	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offer** | present | the school | bereavement support | pupils |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent support=Theme to pupil=Goal |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After a bereavement, it's normal to feel very sad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bereavement:x3:1
# text = After a bereavement, it's normal to feel very sad.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	bereavement	bereavement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	normal	normal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	csubj	_	_
10	very	very	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  | after a bereavement | normal *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **feel** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | sad *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He took bereavement leave from work.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bereavement:x4:1
# text = He took bereavement leave from work.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	bereavement	bereavement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn require-103 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Precondition |
| 2 | **leave** | infinitive | bereavement |  |  | work |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from work=Initial\_Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Talking to someone helps after a bereavement.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bereavement:x5:1
# text = Talking to someone helps after a bereavement.
1	Talking	talk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obl	_	_
4	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bereavement	bereavement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | to someone | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to someone=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **help** | present | Talking |  |  |  | after a bereavement |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We sent a card to show we cared about their bereavement.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bereavement:x6:1
# text = We sent a card to show we cared about their bereavement.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	cared	care	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
9	about	about	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	bereavement	bereavement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | We | a card |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent card=Theme |
| 2 | **show** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **care** | past | we |  |  |  |  | about their bereavement | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus what S»: agent=Experiencer about bereavement=Stimulus |
| 4 | **bereave** |  | their *= they* |  |  |  |  |  | nom bereavement «state transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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