---
title: berlin — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «berlin» in the school dictionary: Berlin is the capital city of Germany and its largest city. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/berlin/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [B](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/) / berlin

# berlin

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Berlin, Berlin Wall, Wall, Germany, People, We · **What happens:** be, divide, come down, become, wheel, split · **To what, where:** capital city, Berlin, history, one country, old kind, capital

<!-- .vabout -->
«berlin» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [berlin in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/berlin.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and its largest city.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:berlin:m1:1
# text = Berlin is the capital city of Germany and its largest city.
1	Berlin	Berlin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	capital	capital	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Germany	Germany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	largest	large	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	11	amod	_	_
11	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Berlin | the capital city and its largest city |  |  |  | of Germany | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In history, Berlin was divided into East and West Berlin by the Berlin Wall during the Cold War; the Wall came down and Germany became one country again.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:berlin:m2:1
# text = In history, Berlin was divided into East and West Berlin by the Berlin Wall during the Cold War; the Wall came down and Germany became one country again.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Berlin	Berlin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	divided	divide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	East	East	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	West	West	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	Berlin	Berlin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	Berlin	Berlin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	Wall	Wall	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
16	during	during	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	Cold	Cold	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	War	War	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	Wall	Wall	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
23	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
24	down	down	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	Germany	Germany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
27	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	conj	_	_
28	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	29	nummod	_	_
29	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	xcomp	_	_
30	again	again	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **divide** | past · passive | the Berlin Wall | Berlin |  | history | during the Cold War | into East and West Berlin | vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **come down** | past | the Wall |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **become** | past | Germany | one country |  |  | again |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: rare — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A berlin (berline) is an old kind of four-wheeled carriage.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:berlin:m3:1
# text = A berlin (berline) is an old kind of four-wheeled carriage.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	berlin	berlin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	berline	berline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	4	punct	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	wheeled	wheel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	amod	_	_
14	carriage	carriage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a berlin | a old kind |  |  |  | of four wheeled carriage | tree rules |
| 2 | **wheel** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn drive-11.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Berlin is the capital of Germany.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:berlin:x1:1
# text = Berlin is the capital of Germany.
1	Berlin	Berlin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Germany	Germany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Berlin | the capital |  |  |  | of Germany | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Berlin Wall split the city in two.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:berlin:x2:1
# text = The Berlin Wall split the city in two.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Berlin	Berlin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Wall	Wall	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	split	split	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **split** | past | the Berlin Wall | the city |  | two |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent city=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People danced on the Berlin Wall the night it opened.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:berlin:x3:1
# text = People danced on the Berlin Wall the night it opened.
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	danced	dance	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Berlin	Berlin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	Wall	Wall	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	opened	open	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dance** | past | People |  |  | the Berlin Wall | night |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on wall=Location |
| 2 | **open** | past | Wall | the night *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location night=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We saw a piece of the Berlin Wall in a museum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:berlin:x4:1
# text = We saw a piece of the Berlin Wall in a museum.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Berlin	Berlin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Wall	Wall	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | We | a piece of the Berlin Wall |  | a museum |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer piece=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Brandenburg Gate is a famous sight in Berlin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:berlin:x5:1
# text = The Brandenburg Gate is a famous sight in Berlin.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Brandenburg	Brandenburg	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Gate	Gate	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	sight	sight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Berlin	Berlin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Brandenburg Gate | a famous sight |  | Berlin |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many families were separated when the wall was built across Berlin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:berlin:x6:1
# text = Many families were separated when the wall was built across Berlin.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	separated	separate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
10	across	across	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Berlin	Berlin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **separate** | past · passive |  | Many families |  |  |  |  | vn separate-23.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **build** | past · passive |  | the wall |  | Berlin |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Berlin has more bridges than Venice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:berlin:x7:1
# text = Berlin has more bridges than Venice.
1	Berlin	Berlin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	bridges	bridge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Venice	Venice	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Berlin | more bridges |  |  |  | than Venice | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bridge=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class wrote postcards from an imaginary trip to Berlin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:berlin:x8:1
# text = Our class wrote postcards from an imaginary trip to Berlin.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	postcards	postcard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	imaginary	imaginary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Berlin	Berlin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | Our class | postcards |  | a imaginary trip to Berlin |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent postcard=Result from trip=Material |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [beriberi](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/beriberi/)
- next →: [berry](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/berry/)
- ↑ back to [B in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/)