---
title: bewail — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bewail» in the school dictionary: To bewail something is to cry or complain loudly and sadly about a loss or misfortune. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bewail

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Mule, he, children · **What happens:** bewail, be, complain, discover, beat · **To what, where:** something, misfortunes, theft, breast, loss, end · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«bewail» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bewail in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bewail.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To bewail something is to cry or complain loudly and sadly about a loss or misfortune.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bewail:m1:1
# text = To bewail something is to cry or complain loudly and sadly about a loss or misfortune.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	bewail	bewail	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	cry	cry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	complain	complain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
9	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	sadly	sadly	ADV	RB	_	9	conj	_	_
12	about	about	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	loss	loss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	misfortune	misfortune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bewail** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus |
| 2 | **be** *speech: express* | present |  |  |  |  |  | cry *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **complain** *speech: other* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | about a loss or misfortune; loudly *property* | vn complain-37.8 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about loss=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Mule bewailed his misfortunes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bewail:x1:1
# text = The Mule bewailed his misfortunes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Mule	mule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	bewailed	bewail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	misfortunes	misfortune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bewail** | past | the Mule | Mule's misfortunes |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer misfortune=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On discovering the theft, he beat his breast and bewailed his loss.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bewail:x2:1
# text = On discovering the theft, he beat his breast and bewailed his loss.
1	On	on	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	discovering	discover	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	theft	theft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	beat	beat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	breast	breast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	bewailed	bewail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	loss	loss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **discover** | gerund | he *not said here* | the theft |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent theft=Topic |
| 2 | **beat** | past | he | his breast |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location breast=Theme |
| 3 | **bewail** | past | he *not said here* | his loss |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer loss=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The children bewailed the end of their holiday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bewail:x3:1
# text = The children bewailed the end of their holiday.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	bewailed	bewail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	holiday	holiday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bewail** | past | the children | the end of children's holiday |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer end=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [beverage](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/beverage/)
- next →: [beware](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/beware/)
- ↑ back to [B in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/)