---
title: bible — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bible» in the school dictionary: The holy book of Christians; the Christian Bible contains the Old Testament and the New Testament, and the Hebrew Bible is the holy book of Jews. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bible

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** holy book, Hebrew Bible, cookbook, Christians, story, grandparents · **What happens:** contain, be, copy, trust, read, come · **To what, where:** Old Testament, holy book, book, bible, church, big old family · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«bible» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bible in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bible.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: the Bible, capital B — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The holy book of Christians; the Christian Bible contains the Old Testament and the New Testament, and the Hebrew Bible is the holy book of Jews.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bible:m1:1
# text = The holy book of Christians; the Christian Bible contains the Old Testament and the New Testament, and the Hebrew Bible is the holy book of Jews.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	holy	holy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Christian	Christian	PROPN	NNP	_	9	flat	_	_
9	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	contains	contain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	Testament	Testament	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	New	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	Testament	Testament	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	Hebrew	Hebrew	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	holy	holy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	Jews	Jew	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **contain** | present | the holy book of Christians | the Old Testament and the New Testament |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot testament=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the Hebrew Bible | the holy book |  |  |  | of Jews | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a bible — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A copy of this book.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bible:m2:1
# text = A copy of this book.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	copy	copy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **copy** |  |  | this book |  |  |  |  | nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The most useful and trusted book on a subject: this cookbook is my bible.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bible:m3:1
# text = The most useful and trusted book on a subject: this cookbook is my bible.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	3	advmod	_	_
3	useful	useful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	trusted	trust	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
11	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	12	det	_	_
12	cookbook	cookbook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	bible	bible	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trust** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | this cookbook | my bible |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Christians read the Bible in church.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bible:x1:1
# text = Christians read the Bible in church.
1	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | Christians | the Bible |  | church |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bible=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The story of Noah's Ark comes from the Bible.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bible:x2:1
# text = The story of Noah's Ark comes from the Bible.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	Noah	Noah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	Ark	Ark	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | the story of Noah's Ark |  |  | the Bible |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from bible=Initial\_Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My grandparents have a big old family Bible.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bible:x3:1
# text = My grandparents have a big old family Bible.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	grandparents	grandparent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | My grandparents | a big old family |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent family=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(informal) This guidebook is the hikers' bible.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bible:x4:1
# text = (informal) This guidebook is the hikers' bible.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	guidebook	guidebook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hikers	hiker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	'	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	bible	bible	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | this informal guidebook | the hikers's bible |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In court, some people swear on the Bible to tell the truth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bible:x5:1
# text = In court, some people swear on the Bible to tell the truth.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	swear	swear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swear** | present | some people |  |  | court |  | on the Bible | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | some people *not said here* | the truth |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We read a Bible story in RE.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bible:x6:1
# text = We read a Bible story in RE.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	RE	RE	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | We | a Bible story |  | RE |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her chief inheritance had been an old Bible, which she read and valued.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bible:x7:1
# text = Her chief inheritance had been an old Bible, which she read and valued.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	chief	chief	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	inheritance	inheritance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	cop	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obj	_	_
11	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	valued	value	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past · perfect | Her chief inheritance | a old Bible |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **read** | past | she | a old Bible |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Topic |
| 3 | **value** | past | she *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **inherit** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom inheritance «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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