---
title: bidder — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bidder» in the school dictionary: A person who offers money for something at an auction. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bidder

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, ten bidders, bidder, last bidder, council, one bidder · **What happens:** offer, do, sell, be, raise, win · **To what, where:** money, auction, job, painting, highest bidder, paddle

<!-- .vabout -->
«bidder» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bidder in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bidder.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who offers money for something at an auction.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bidder:m1:1
# text = A person who offers money for something at an auction.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	offers	offer	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	auction	auction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offer** | present | a person | money |  | a auction |  | for something *goal* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent money=Theme for something=Goal |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A company or person who offers to do a job for a certain price.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bidder:m2:1
# text = A company or person who offers to do a job for a certain price.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	offers	offer	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	price	price	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offer** | present | person |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | person *not said here* | a job |  |  |  | for a certain price | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The painting was sold to the highest bidder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bidder:x1:1
# text = The painting was sold to the highest bidder.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	painting	painting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	sold	sell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	highest	high	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	8	amod	_	_
8	bidder	bidder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | past · passive |  | the painting | the highest bidder |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to bidder=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There were ten bidders at the farm auction.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bidder:x2:1
# text = There were ten bidders at the farm auction.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	bidders	bidder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	auction	auction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | ten bidders at the farm auction |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bidder in the green hat raised her paddle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bidder:x3:1
# text = The bidder in the green hat raised her paddle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bidder	bidder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	hat	hat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	raised	raise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	paddle	paddle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise** | past | the bidder in the green hat | bidder's paddle |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paddle=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Online, the last bidder won the toy at the final second.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bidder:x4:1
# text = Online, the last bidder won the toy at the final second.
1	Online	online	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	bidder	bidder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	final	final	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	second	second	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | past | the last bidder | the toy |  |  | second | online *property* | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toy=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The council chose the bidder with the best plan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bidder:x5:1
# text = The council chose the bidder with the best plan.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	council	council	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	chose	choose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bidder	bidder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	amod	_	_
9	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **choose** | past | the council | the bidder |  |  |  | with the best plan | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bidder=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only one bidder offered more than the starting price.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bidder:x6:1
# text = Only one bidder offered more than the starting price.
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	bidder	bidder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	offered	offer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	starting	starting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	price	price	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offer** | past | one bidder |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now it was not the custom to show a slave to a private bidder, but as no one dared to disobey the vizir his request was granted.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bidder:x7:1
# text = Now it was not the custom to show a slave to a private bidder, but as no one dared to disobey the vizir his request was granted.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	custom	custom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	slave	slave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	private	private	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	bidder	bidder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
17	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
18	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	19	det	_	_
19	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	dared	dare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	disobey	disobey	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	vizir	vizir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	request	request	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj:pass	_	_
27	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux:pass	_	_
28	granted	grant	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | past | it | the custom |  |  | now |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | to-infinitive | the custom | a slave | a private bidder |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent slave=Topic to bidder=Recipient |
| 3 | **dare** | past | no one |  |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **disobey** | to-infinitive | no one *not said here* | the vizir |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **grant** | past · passive | the vizir *not said here* | custom's request |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme |
| 6 | **request** |  | custom |  |  |  |  |  | nom request «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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