---
title: bile — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bile» in the school dictionary: Bile is a bitter yellow-green liquid made by the liver that helps the body digest fat. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bile

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Bile, liver, body, small sac, she, words · **What happens:** be, make, help, digest, mean, store · **To what, where:** bitter green liquid, body, fat, anger, boil, bile · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«bile» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bile in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bile.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bile is a bitter yellow-green liquid made by the liver that helps the body digest fat.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bile:m1:1
# text = Bile is a bitter yellow-green liquid made by the liver that helps the body digest fat.
1	Bile	bile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
4	bitter	bitter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
5	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	liquid	liquid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	liver	liver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	digest	digest	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
18	fat	fat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Bile | a bitter green liquid |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a bitter green liquid *not said here* |  |  |  | by the liver | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **help** | present | the liver | the body |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent body=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 4 | **digest** | infinitive | the body *not said here* | fat |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In old or story language, bile means anger and bitterness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bile:m2:1
# text = In old or story language, bile means anger and bitterness.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	bile	bile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	anger	anger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	bitterness	bitterness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | bile | anger and bitterness |  |  |  | in old story language | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot anger=Theme in language=Attribute |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In old or dialect speech, bile can mean a boil, a painful swollen lump under the skin.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bile:m3:1
# text = In old or dialect speech, bile can mean a boil, a painful swollen lump under the skin.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	dialect	dialect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	bile	bile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	boil	boil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	painful	painful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
15	swollen	swollen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	lump	lump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	_
17	under	under	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | bile | a boil |  |  |  | in old dialect speech | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot boil=Theme in speech=Attribute |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The liver makes bile.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bile:x1:1
# text = The liver makes bile.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	liver	liver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	bile	bile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | the liver | bile |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset bile=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bile helps your body digest fat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bile:x2:1
# text = Bile helps your body digest fat.
1	Bile	bile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	digest	digest	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	fat	fat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Bile | your body |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent body=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **digest** | infinitive | your body *not said here* | fat |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bile is stored in a small sac called the gall bladder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bile:x3:1
# text = Bile is stored in a small sac called the gall bladder.
1	Bile	bile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	stored	store	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	sac	sac	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	gall	gall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	bladder	bladder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **store** | present · passive |  | Bile |  | a small sac |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in sac=Location |
| 2 | **call** | participle | a small sac *not said here* | the gall bladder |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent bladder=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When she was sick, she brought up yellow bile.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bile:x4:1
# text = When she was sick, she brought up yellow bile.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	sick	sick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	bile	bile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | she |  |  |  |  | sick *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **bring up** | past | she | yellow bile |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent bile=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bile tastes very bitter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bile:x5:1
# text = Bile tastes very bitter.
1	Bile	Bile	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tastes	taste	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	bitter	bitter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **taste** | present | Bile |  |  |  |  | bitter *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The villain's words were full of bile.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bile:x6:1
# text = The villain's words were full of bile.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	villain	villain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	bile	bile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the villain's words |  |  |  |  | of bile; full *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **word** |  | the villain |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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