---
title: bilingual — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bilingual» in the school dictionary: Able to speak two languages well: «a bilingual child». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bilingual

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** friend, Road signs, Canada, I, Bilingual children, school newsletter · **What happens:** speak, write, be, have, use, switch · **To what, where:** two languages, bilingual dictionary, English, bilingual government, French class, languages · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«bilingual» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bilingual in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bilingual.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Able to speak two languages well: «a bilingual child».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bilingual:m1:1
# text = Able to speak two languages well: «a bilingual child».
1	Able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	bilingual	bilingual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  | two languages |  |  |  | well *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Written or spoken in two languages: «a bilingual dictionary», «bilingual signs».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bilingual:m2:1
# text = Written or spoken in two languages: «a bilingual dictionary», «bilingual signs».
1	Written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	conj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	bilingual	bilingual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	dictionary	dictionary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	bilingual	bilingual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | participle |  | a bilingual dictionary and bilingual signs |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  | two languages |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My friend is bilingual in English and Polish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bilingual:x1:1
# text = My friend is bilingual in English and Polish.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	bilingual	bilingual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	Polish	Polish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My friend |  |  | English and Polish |  | bilingual *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Road signs in Wales are bilingual.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bilingual:x2:1
# text = Road signs in Wales are bilingual.
1	Road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Wales	Wales	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	bilingual	bilingual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Road signs in Wales |  |  |  |  | bilingual *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Canada has a bilingual government.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bilingual:x3:1
# text = Canada has a bilingual government.
1	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	bilingual	bilingual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Canada | a bilingual government |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent government=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I used a bilingual dictionary in French class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bilingual:x4:1
# text = I used a bilingual dictionary in French class.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	bilingual	bilingual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	dictionary	dictionary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | I | a bilingual dictionary |  | French class |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dictionary=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bilingual children often switch languages in one sentence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bilingual:x5:1
# text = Bilingual children often switch languages in one sentence.
1	Bilingual	bilingual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	often	often	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	switch	switch	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	sentence	sentence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **switch** | present | Bilingual children | languages |  | one sentence |  | often *property* | vn convert-26.6.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our school newsletter is bilingual.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bilingual:x6:1
# text = Our school newsletter is bilingual.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	newsletter	newsletter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	bilingual	bilingual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Our school newsletter | bilingual |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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