---
title: billboard — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «billboard» in the school dictionary: A billboard is a very large board beside a road or on a building for showing advertisements. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# billboard

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** billboard, building, magazine, huge billboard, Advertisers, many drivers · **What happens:** be, show, publish, say, drink, put · **To what, where:** large board, road, advertisements, name, music charts, new phone · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«billboard» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [billboard in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/billboard.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A billboard is a very large board beside a road or on a building for showing advertisements.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:billboard:m1:1
# text = A billboard is a very large board beside a road or on a building for showing advertisements.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	billboard	billboard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	board	board	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
15	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
16	showing	show	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	acl	_	_
17	advertisements	advertisement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a billboard | a large board |  | a road or a building |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | gerund | a building *not said here* | advertisements |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent advertisement=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: US — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Billboard is also the name of a magazine that publishes music charts, as in «the Billboard Hot 100».

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:billboard:m2:1
# text = Billboard is also the name of a magazine that publishes music charts, as in «the Billboard Hot 100».
1	Billboard	billboard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	magazine	magazine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	publishes	publish	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	charts	chart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	Billboard	billboard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
19	Hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	100	100	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	18	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Billboard | the name |  |  |  | of a magazine | tree rules |
| 2 | **publish** | present | a magazine | music charts |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chart=Result |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A huge billboard by the motorway showed a new phone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:billboard:x1:1
# text = A huge billboard by the motorway showed a new phone.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	billboard	billboard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	motorway	motorway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | a huge billboard by the motorway | a new phone |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent phone=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The billboard said «Drink milk!» in giant letters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:billboard:x2:1
# text = The billboard said «Drink milk!» in giant letters.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	billboard	billboard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Drink	drink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
6	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: express* | past | the billboard |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **drink** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | milk |  | giant letters |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent milk=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Advertisers put billboards where many drivers will see them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:billboard:x3:1
# text = Advertisers put billboards where many drivers will see them.
1	Advertisers	advertiser	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	billboards	billboard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	8	advmod	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	drivers	driver	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl:relcl	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | Advertisers | billboards |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent billboard=Goal |
| 2 | **see** | future | many drivers | billboards *= billboard* |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The song reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:billboard:x4:1
# text = The song reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	flat	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Billboard	billboard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	Hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	_
10	100	100	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reach** | past | the song | number |  | the Billboard |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent number=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In our media lesson we designed a billboard for a healthy snack.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:billboard:x5:1
# text = In our media lesson we designed a billboard for a healthy snack.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	media	media	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
5	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	designed	design	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	billboard	billboard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	healthy	healthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	snack	snack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **design** | past | we | a billboard |  | our media lesson |  | for a healthy snack | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent billboard=Result for snack=Beneficiary |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The billboard lit up at night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:billboard:x6:1
# text = The billboard lit up at night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	billboard	billboard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	lit	lit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lit up** | participle |  | the billboard *not said here* |  |  | night |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some cities have banned billboards to make streets look nicer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:billboard:x7:1
# text = Some cities have banned billboards to make streets look nicer.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	banned	ban	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	billboards	billboard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
8	streets	street	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	nicer	nice	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ban** | present · perfect · passive |  | some cities |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | streets |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **look** | infinitive | streets *not said here* |  |  |  |  | nice *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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