---
title: biologist — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «biologist» in the school dictionary: A scientist who studies living things such as plants, animals, people and tiny living things like bacteria. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/biologist/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [B](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/) / biologist

# biologist

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** scientist, biologist, frogs, aunt, marine biologist, Charles · **What happens:** study, live, grow, be, look, count · **To what, where:** living things, marine biologist, whales, famous biologist, birds, forest · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«biologist» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [biologist in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/biologist.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A scientist who studies living things such as plants, animals, people and tiny living things like bacteria.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:biologist:m1:1
# text = A scientist who studies living things such as plants, animals, people and tiny living things like bacteria.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scientist	scientist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	studies	study	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	9	case	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
16	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
18	like	like	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | present | a scientist | living things |  |  |  | such plants and animals and people and tiny living things like bacteria | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Topic |
| 2 | **live** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A biologist studies how frogs grow from tadpoles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:biologist:x1:1
# text = A biologist studies how frogs grow from tadpoles.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	biologist	biologist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	studies	study	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	tadpoles	tadpole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | present | a biologist |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **grow** | present | frogs |  |  |  |  | from tadpoles | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP V NP.product PP.patient»: agent=Agent from tadpole=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My aunt is a marine biologist who studies whales.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:biologist:x2:1
# text = My aunt is a marine biologist who studies whales.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	aunt	aunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	marine	marine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	biologist	biologist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	studies	study	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	whales	whale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My aunt | a marine biologist |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **study** | present | a marine biologist | whales |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whale=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The biologist looked at the cells under a microscope.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:biologist:x3:1
# text = The biologist looked at the cells under a microscope.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	biologist	biologist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cells	cell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	under	under	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	microscope	microscope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the biologist |  |  |  |  | under a microscope; at the cells | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at cell=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Charles Darwin was a famous biologist.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:biologist:x4:1
# text = Charles Darwin was a famous biologist.
1	Charles	Charles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	Darwin	Darwin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	biologist	biologist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Charles | a famous biologist |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Biologists count the birds in the forest every spring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:biologist:x5:1
# text = Biologists count the birds in the forest every spring.
1	Biologists	biologist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	count	count	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | present | Biologists | the birds |  | the forest | spring |  | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When I grow up, I want to be a biologist.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:biologist:x6:1
# text = When I grow up, I want to be a biologist.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	want	want	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	cop	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	biologist	biologist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow up** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **want** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **is a** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | a biologist |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The biologist explained how bees help flowers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:biologist:x7:1
# text = The biologist explained how bees help flowers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	biologist	biologist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	explained	explain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	bees	bee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **explain** *speech: assert* | past | the biologist |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **help** | present | bees | flowers |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flower=Beneficiary |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [biological](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/biological/)
- next →: [biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/biology/)
- ↑ back to [B in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/)