---
title: biosphere — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «biosphere» in the school dictionary: All the parts of the Earth where living things exist, from deep in the sea to high in the air, together with all the life there. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# biosphere

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** parts, large closed building, people, biosphere, Plants, Scientists · **What happens:** exist, close, make, hold, copy, protect · **To what, where:** large closed building, living things, natural habitats, oceans, biosphere, thin layer

<!-- .vabout -->
«biosphere» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [biosphere in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/biosphere.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All the parts of the Earth where living things exist, from deep in the sea to high in the air, together with all the life there.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:biosphere:m1:1
# text = All the parts of the Earth where living things exist, from deep in the sea to high in the air, together with all the life there.
1	All	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	3	det:predet	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	10	advmod	_	_
8	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	exist	exist	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	advcl	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	obl	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	together	together	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
24	with	with	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	27	det:predet	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
28	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exist** | present | all parts of the Earth |  |  | there |  | with all life; together *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A large closed building made to hold living things and copy natural habitats (for example Biosphere 2 in Arizona).

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:biosphere:m2:1
# text = A large closed building made to hold living things and copy natural habitats (for example Biosphere 2 in Arizona).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	hold	hold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	copy	copy	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
12	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	habitats	habitat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
17	Biosphere	biosphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	_
18	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	17	flat	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Arizona	Arizona	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **close** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a large closed building *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **hold** | to-infinitive | a large closed building *not said here* | living things |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |
| 4 | **copy** | present | a large closed building *not said here* | natural habitats |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent habitat=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UNESCO — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A biosphere reserve: a protected area where people and nature live together.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:biosphere:m3:1
# text = A biosphere reserve: a protected area where people and nature live together.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	biosphere	biosphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	reserve	reserve	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	protected	protect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
8	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	12	advmod	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
13	together	together	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **live together** | present | people and nature |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The biosphere includes oceans, forests, soil and air.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:biosphere:x1:1
# text = The biosphere includes oceans, forests, soil and air.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	biosphere	biosphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	includes	include	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	oceans	ocean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **include** | present | the biosphere | oceans and forests and soil and air |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ocean=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plants and animals together make up the biosphere.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:biosphere:x2:1
# text = Plants and animals together make up the biosphere.
1	Plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	together	together	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	biosphere	biosphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make up** | present | Plants and animals | the biosphere |  |  |  | together *property* | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme biosphere=Pivot |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists lived inside Biosphere 2 for two years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:biosphere:x3:1
# text = Scientists lived inside Biosphere 2 for two years.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Biosphere	Biosphere	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	flat	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | Scientists |  |  | Biosphere | year |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme inside biosphere=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The biosphere is only a thin layer around the Earth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:biosphere:x4:1
# text = The biosphere is only a thin layer around the Earth.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	biosphere	biosphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	around	around	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the biosphere | a thin layer |  | the Earth |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pollution harms the whole biosphere.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:biosphere:x5:1
# text = Pollution harms the whole biosphere.
1	Pollution	pollution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	harms	harm	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	biosphere	biosphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **harm** | present | Pollution | the whole biosphere |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus biosphere=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The area is protected as a UNESCO biosphere reserve.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:biosphere:x6:1
# text = The area is protected as a UNESCO biosphere reserve.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	protected	protect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	UNESCO	UNESCO	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
8	biosphere	biosphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	reserve	reserve	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | present · passive |  | the area |  |  |  | as a UNESCO biosphere reserve | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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