---
title: birdsong — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «birdsong» in the school dictionary: The musical sounds that birds make, especially in the early morning and in spring. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# birdsong

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** birds, We, dawn chorus, birdsong, poem, You · **What happens:** make, wake, be, record, identify, fill · **To what, where:** musical sounds, birdsong, school garden, birds, quiet woods

<!-- .vabout -->
«birdsong» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [birdsong in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/birdsong.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The musical sounds that birds make, especially in the early morning and in spring.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:birdsong:m1:1
# text = The musical sounds that birds make, especially in the early morning and in spring.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	musical	musical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sounds	sound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	obj	_	_
5	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | birds | the musical sounds |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We woke to birdsong outside the tent.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:birdsong:x1:1
# text = We woke to birdsong outside the tent.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	woke	wake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	birdsong	birdsong	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	outside	outside	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	tent	tent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wake** | past | We |  |  |  |  | to birdsong outside the tent | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dawn chorus is full of birdsong in May.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:birdsong:x2:1
# text = The dawn chorus is full of birdsong in May.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	dawn	dawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	chorus	chorus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	birdsong	birdsong	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	May	May	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the dawn chorus |  |  |  |  | of birdsong in May; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We recorded birdsong in the school garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:birdsong:x3:1
# text = We recorded birdsong in the school garden.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	recorded	record	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	birdsong	birdsong	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **record** | past | We | birdsong |  | the school garden |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent birdsong=Theme in garden=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A blackbird's birdsong is loud and sweet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:birdsong:x4:1
# text = A blackbird's birdsong is loud and sweet.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	blackbird	blackbird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	birdsong	birdsong	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a blackbird's birdsong |  |  |  |  | loud *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | a blackbird's birdsong *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The poem was about birdsong after rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:birdsong:x5:1
# text = The poem was about birdsong after rain.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	birdsong	birdsong	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the poem |  |  |  | after rain | about birdsong | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You can identify birds by their birdsong.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:birdsong:x6:1
# text = You can identify birds by their birdsong.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	identify	identify	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	birdsong	birdsong	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | can | You | birds |  |  |  | by birds's birdsong | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent bird=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The quiet woods were filled with birdsong.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:birdsong:x7:1
# text = The quiet woods were filled with birdsong.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	woods	wood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	birdsong	birdsong	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | past · passive |  | the quiet woods |  |  |  | with birdsong | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with birdsong=Instrument |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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