---
title: birth — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «birth» in the school dictionary: Birth is the time when a baby or young animal comes out of its mother's body and starts living in the world. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# birth

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Birth, baby, place, cow, Mammals, you · **What happens:** be, come out, start, live, mean, bear · **To what, where:** time, body, world, beginning, you, birth · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«birth» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [birth in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/birth.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Birth is the time when a baby or young animal comes out of its mother's body and starts living in the world.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:birth:m1:1
# text = Birth is the time when a baby or young animal comes out of its mother's body and starts living in the world.
1	Birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	11	mark	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
11	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
12	out	out	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
14	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	's	's	PART	POS	_	15	case	_	_
17	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	starts	start	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
20	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	19	xcomp	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Birth | the time |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **come out** | present | a baby or young animal | Birth's mother's body |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient body=Result |
| 3 | **start** | present | a baby or young animal *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **live** | gerund | a baby or young animal *not said here* |  |  | the world |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in world=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Birth is the beginning of something: the birth of a new nation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:birth:m2:1
# text = Birth is the beginning of something: the birth of a new nation.
1	Birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	beginning	beginning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	nation	nation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Birth | the beginning |  |  |  | of something | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By birth means by the family or place you were born into.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:birth:m3:1
# text = By birth means by the family or place you were born into.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | by birth; by the family or place | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **bear** | past · passive | place *not said here* | you |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Irish by birth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:birth:m3e:1
# text = Irish by birth.
1	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	by	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cow gave birth to a calf last night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:birth:x1:1
# text = The cow gave birth to a calf last night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cow	cow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	calf	calf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the cow | birth | a calf |  | night |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent birth=Theme to calf=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mammals give birth to live babies.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:birth:x2:1
# text = Mammals give birth to live babies.
1	Mammals	mammal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	live	live	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | Mammals | birth | live babies |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent birth=Theme to baby=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write your date of birth on the form.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:birth:x3:1
# text = Write your date of birth on the form.
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	date	date	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | imperative | you *not said here* | your date of birth |  | the form |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent date=Theme on form=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My baby sister weighed 3 kilograms at birth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:birth:x4:1
# text = My baby sister weighed 3 kilograms at birth.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	weighed	weigh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	kilograms	kilogram	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **weigh** | past | My baby sister | 3 kilograms |  | birth |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.value»: agent=Agent kilogram=Theme at birth=Value |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We watched the birth of the lambs on the farm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:birth:x5:1
# text = We watched the birth of the lambs on the farm.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	watched	watch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lambs	lamb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | past | We | the birth of the lambs on the farm |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent birth=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The town is his birthplace.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:birth:x6:1
# text = The town is his birthplace.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	birthplace	birthplace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the town | his birthplace |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The story tells the birth of a new kingdom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:birth:x7:1
# text = The story tells the birth of a new kingdom.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | the story | the birth of a new kingdom |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent birth=Recipient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘Of noble birth!’ said the Darning-needle; ‘no indeed, but proud!

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:birth:x8:1
# text = ‘Of noble birth!’ said the Darning-needle; ‘no indeed, but proud!
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	noble	noble	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	Darning	darning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	needle	needle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
13	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	15	det	_	_
15	indeed	indeed	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	proud	proud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | noble birth | the Darning needle |  |  |  | indeed *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent needle=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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