---
title: birthday — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «birthday» in the school dictionary: A birthday is the day each year when a person was born; people often have a party and gifts. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# birthday

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** birthday, people, Ann, He, 18 children, She · **What happens:** be, bear, have, mean, get, sing · **To what, where:** day, person, party, 12 new books, 25 dollars, birthday party

<!-- .vabout -->
«birthday» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [birthday in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/birthday.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A birthday is the day each year when a person was born; people often have a party and gifts.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:birthday:m1:1
# text = A birthday is the day each year when a person was born; people often have a party and gifts.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:unmarked	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
15	often	often	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	gifts	gift	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a birthday | the day |  |  | year |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **bear** | past · passive |  | a person |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **have** | present | people | a party and gifts |  |  |  | often *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent party=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Birthday as an adjective means for a birthday: birthday cake, birthday card.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:birthday:m2:1
# text = Birthday as an adjective means for a birthday: birthday cake, birthday card.
1	Birthday	Birthday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	as	as	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	adjective	adjective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Birthday as a adjective |  |  |  |  | for a birthday and birthday cake and birthday card | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot for birthday=Attribute |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For her birthday, Ann got 12 new books.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:birthday:x1:1
# text = For her birthday, Ann got 12 new books.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	Ann	Ann	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
8	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | Ann | 12 new books |  |  |  | for her birthday | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent book=Theme for birthday=Source |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He got 25 dollars for his birthday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:birthday:x2:1
# text = He got 25 dollars for his birthday.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	25	25	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | He | 25 dollars |  |  |  | for his birthday | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent dollar=Theme for birthday=Source |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There were 18 children at the birthday party.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:birthday:x3:1
# text = There were 18 children at the birthday party.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	18	18	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | 18 children |  |  | the birthday party; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at party=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She had 5 candles on her birthday cake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:birthday:x4:1
# text = She had 5 candles on her birthday cake.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	candles	candle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | She | 5 candles |  | her birthday cake |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent candle=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Happy birthday, Grandpa!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:birthday:x5:1
# text = Happy birthday, Grandpa!
1	Happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On my next birthday I will be 10.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:birthday:x6:1
# text = On my next birthday I will be 10.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
6	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
8	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | future | I | 10 |  | my next birthday |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We sang and blew out the candles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:birthday:x7:1
# text = We sang and blew out the candles.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	blew	blow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	candles	candle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location |
| 2 | **blow out** | past | We *not said here* | the candles |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent candle=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I made a birthday card for Mum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:birthday:x8:1
# text = I made a birthday card for Mum.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Mum	Mum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | I | a birthday card |  |  |  | for Mum | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent card=Product for mum=Beneficiary |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But we are forgetting the birthday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:birthday:x9:1
# text = But we are forgetting the birthday.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	forgetting	forget	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forget** | present · progressive | we | the birthday |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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