---
title: bise — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bise» in the school dictionary: A cold, dry wind that blows from the north or north-east over Switzerland and parts of France. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bise

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** cold dry wind, light kiss, kiss, bise, Geneva, friends · **What happens:** blow, use, faire, sound, not be, make · **To what, where:** cheek, bise, everyday English word, Lake, freezing, each

<!-- .vabout -->
«bise» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bise in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bise.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cold, dry wind that blows from the north or north-east over Switzerland and parts of France.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bise:m1:1
# text = A cold, dry wind that blows from the north or north-east over Switzerland and parts of France.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	blows	blow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	east	east	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
15	over	over	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Switzerland	Switzerland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blow** | present | a cold dry wind |  |  |  |  | from the north or north east over Switzerland and parts of France | vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient from north=Co-Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: French — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A light kiss on the cheek used as a greeting, as in "faire la bise". It sounds like "beez" and is not an everyday English word.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A light kiss on the cheek used as a greeting, as in "faire la bise".

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bise:m2:1
# text = A light kiss on the cheek used as a greeting, as in "faire la bise".
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	light	light	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	kiss	kiss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cheek	cheek	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	greeting	greeting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	fixed	_	_
14	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	faire	faire	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	la	la	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	bise	bise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  | the cheek *not said here* |  |  |  | as a greeting | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **faire** *in a quote* | past | a light kiss on the cheek | la bise |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* It sounds like "beez" and is not an everyday English word.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bise:m2:2
# text = It sounds like "beez" and is not an everyday English word.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sounds	sound	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	like	like	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	beez	beez	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	everyday	everyday	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sound** | present | kiss |  |  |  |  | like beez | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **not** **is a** | present | kiss *not said here* | a everyday English word |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bise blew cold across Lake Geneva.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bise:x1:1
# text = The bise blew cold across Lake Geneva.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bise	bise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	blew	blow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Lake	Lake	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	Geneva	Geneva	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blow** | past | the bise |  |  | Lake |  | cold *property* | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In winter the bise makes Geneva feel freezing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bise:x2:1
# text = In winter the bise makes Geneva feel freezing.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bise	bise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	Geneva	Geneva	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	freezing	freezing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | the bise |  |  |  | winter |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **feel** | infinitive | Geneva | freezing |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent freezing=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In France, friends greet each other with la bise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bise:x3:1
# text = In France, friends greet each other with la bise.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	greet	greet	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	5	obj	_	_
7	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	fixed	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	la	la	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	bise	bise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **greet** *speech: greet* | present | friends | each |  | France |  | with la bise | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent each=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grosses bises means "big kisses" at the end of a French note.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bise:x4:1
# text = Grosses bises means "big kisses" at the end of a French note.
1	Grosses	gross	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	cop	_	_
2	bises	bise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	kisses	kiss	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | bises |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present | bises | big kisses |  |  | at the end of a French note |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kiss=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My French penfriend gave me la bise on both cheeks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bise:x5:1
# text = My French penfriend gave me la bise on both cheeks.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	penfriend	penfriend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	la	la	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bise	bise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	cheeks	cheek	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | My French penfriend | la bise | me | both cheeks |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent i=Recipient bise=Theme on cheek=Asset |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many kisses in la bise depends on the region.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bise:x6:1
# text = How many kisses in la bise depends on the region.
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	kisses	kiss	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	la	la	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bise	bise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	depends	depend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	region	region	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depend** | present | many kisses in la bise |  |  |  |  | on the region | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent on region=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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