---
title: bitterly — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bitterly» in the school dictionary: In an angry, hurt and unhappy way. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bitterly

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** It, we, He, dog, two teams, That · **What happens:** talk, be, wear, cry, run away, cancel · **To what, where:** two jumpers, trip, field · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«bitterly» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bitterly in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bitterly.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In an angry, hurt and unhappy way.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bitterly:m1:1
# text = In an angry, hurt and unhappy way.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
3	angry	angry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	hurt	hurt	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	unhappy	unhappy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
8	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Very, extremely, when talking about cold weather: bitterly cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bitterly:m2:1
# text = Very, extremely, when talking about cold weather: bitterly cold.
1	Very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	extremely	extremely	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
6	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	csubj	_	_
7	about	about	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	bitterly	bitterly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | about cold weather | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about weather=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Very strongly, in phrases like bitterly disappointed or bitterly opposed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bitterly:m3:1
# text = Very strongly, in phrases like bitterly disappointed or bitterly opposed.
1	Very	very	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	strongly	strongly	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	phrases	phrase	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	bitterly	bitterly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	disappointed	disappointed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	nmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	bitterly	bitterly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	opposed	opposed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was bitterly cold, so we wore two jumpers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bitterly:x1:1
# text = It was bitterly cold, so we wore two jumpers.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	bitterly	bitterly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
9	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	jumpers	jumper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | It |  |  |  |  | bitterly, cold *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **wear** | past | we | two jumpers |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent jumper=Source |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He cried bitterly when his dog ran away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bitterly:x2:1
# text = He cried bitterly when his dog ran away.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	bitterly	bitterly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
8	away	away	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | He |  |  |  |  | bitterly *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **run away** | past | his dog |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We were bitterly disappointed when the trip was cancelled.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bitterly:x3:1
# text = We were bitterly disappointed when the trip was cancelled.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	bitterly	bitterly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	disappointed	disappointed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	cancelled	cancel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | We |  |  |  |  | bitterly, disappointed *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **cancel** | past · passive |  | the trip |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The two teams fought bitterly for the cup.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bitterly:x4:1
# text = The two teams fought bitterly for the cup.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	teams	team	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	bitterly	bitterly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | past | the two teams |  |  |  |  | for the cup; bitterly *property* | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"That's not fair," she said bitterly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bitterly:x5:1
# text = "That's not fair," she said bitterly.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
10	bitterly	bitterly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** *in a quote* | present | That |  |  |  |  | fair *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | she |  |  |  |  | bitterly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wind blew bitterly across the field.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bitterly:x6:1
# text = The wind blew bitterly across the field.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	blew	blow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	bitterly	bitterly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blow** | past | the wind |  |  | the field |  | bitterly *property* | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And so saying he wept bitterly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bitterly:x7:1
# text = And so saying he wept bitterly.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	so	so	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	wept	weep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
6	bitterly	bitterly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **weep** | past | he |  |  |  |  | bitterly *property* | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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