---
title: bleat — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bleat» in the school dictionary: The shaky «baa» sound a sheep, lamb or goat makes. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bleat

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** shaky baa, sheep, lambs, We, goat, dog · **What happens:** sound, make, complain, whine, stop, bleat · **To what, where:** sound, whining way, bleat, field, sad bleat, homework · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«bleat» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bleat in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bleat.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shaky «baa» sound a sheep, lamb or goat makes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bleat:m1:1
# text = The shaky «baa» sound a sheep, lamb or goat makes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	shaky	shaky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	baa	baa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	sound	sound	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	lamb	lamb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	goat	goat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
13	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sound** | infinitive | the shaky baa |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | a sheep and lamb or goat |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make that sound.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bleat:m2:1
# text = To make that sound.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | that sound |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To complain in a weak, whining way, as in «stop bleating about it».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bleat:m3:1
# text = To complain in a weak, whining way, as in «stop bleating about it».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	complain	complain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	whining	whine	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	amod	_	_
8	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	bleating	bleat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	xcomp	_	_
15	about	about	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **complain** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a whining way |  |  | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **whine** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **stop** *in a quote* | imperative |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **bleat** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | about way | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about it=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lambs bleated for their mothers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bleat:x1:1
# text = The lambs bleated for their mothers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lambs	lamb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	bleated	bleat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	mothers	mother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bleat** | past | the lambs |  |  |  |  | for lambs's mothers | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S\_INF»: agent=Agent for mother=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We heard the bleat of a goat in the field.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bleat:x2:1
# text = We heard the bleat of a goat in the field.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bleat	bleat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	goat	goat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | We | the bleat of a goat |  | the field |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer bleat=Stimulus |
| 2 | **bleat** |  | a goat |  |  |  |  |  | nom bleat «event intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sheep bleats, a dog barks and a cow moos.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bleat:x3:1
# text = A sheep bleats, a dog barks and a cow moos.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	bleats	bleat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	barks	bark	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cow	cow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	moos	moo	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bleat** | present | a sheep |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **bark** | present | a dog |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **moo** | present | a cow |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The little lamb gave a sad bleat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bleat:x4:1
# text = The little lamb gave a sad bleat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	lamb	lamb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	bleat	bleat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the little lamb | a sad bleat |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bleat=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stop bleating about your homework and just do it! (informal)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Stop bleating about your homework and just do it!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bleat:x5:1
# text = Stop bleating about your homework and just do it!
1	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	bleating	bleat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	xcomp	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	just	just	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **bleat** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | about your homework | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about homework=Topic |
| 3 | **do** | infinitive | you *not said here* | homework |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (informal)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bleat:x5:2
# text = (informal)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The goats bleated when the farmer brought hay.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bleat:x6:1
# text = The goats bleated when the farmer brought hay.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	goats	goat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	bleated	bleat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	hay	hay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bleat** | past | the goats |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **bring** | past | the farmer | hay |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent hay=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He bleated that it was not fair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bleat:x7:1
# text = He bleated that it was not fair.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bleated	bleat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bleat** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is** | past | it |  |  |  |  | fair *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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