---
title: bleu — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bleu» in the school dictionary: «Bleu» means «blue»: «le ciel bleu» = the blue sky. It sounds roughly like «bluh» (lips rounded), and it is not an English word. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bleu

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Bleu, Cordon bleu, bleu cheese, est bleu, bag, French flag · **What happens:** mean, sound, round, not be, describe, cook · **To what, where:** blue, lips, English word, steak, English menus, class cooking · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«bleu» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bleu in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bleu.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: French — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Bleu» means «blue»: «le ciel bleu» = the blue sky. It sounds roughly like «bluh» (lips rounded), and it is not an English word.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «Bleu» means «blue»: «le ciel bleu» = the blue sky.

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bleu:m1:1
# text = «Bleu» means «blue»: «le ciel bleu» = the blue sky.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Bleu	bleu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	le	le	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
11	ciel	ciel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	bleu	bleu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
14	=	=	SYM	SYM	_	17	punct	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Bleu | blue |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* It sounds roughly like «bluh» (lips rounded), and it is not an English word.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bleu:m1:2
# text = It sounds roughly like «bluh» (lips rounded), and it is not an English word.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sounds	sound	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	roughly	roughly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	bluh	bluh	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	lips	lip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
10	rounded	round	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
17	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sound** | present | Bleu | lips |  |  |  | roughly *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **round** | participle |  | lips *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **not** **is a** | present | Bleu | a English word |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: cooking — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In English menus, «bleu» or «blue» describes a steak cooked very rare, only seared outside.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bleu:m2:1
# text = In English menus, «bleu» or «blue» describes a steak cooked very rare, only seared outside.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	menus	menu	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	bleu	bleu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
12	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	steak	steak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	cooked	cook	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	_
16	very	very	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	rare	rare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	only	only	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	seared	sear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	conj	_	_
21	outside	outside	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | present | bleu | a steak |  | English menus |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent steak=Theme |
| 2 | **cook** | participle |  | a steak *not said here* |  |  |  | rare *property* | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **sear** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | outside *property* | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Cordon bleu» means top-class cooking, and «bleu cheese» is an American spelling of «blue cheese».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bleu:m3:1
# text = «Cordon bleu» means top-class cooking, and «bleu cheese» is an American spelling of «blue cheese».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Cordon	cordon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	bleu	bleu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	top	top	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	cooking	cooking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	bleu	bleu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	cheese	cheese	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
17	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	American	American	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	cheese	cheese	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Cordon bleu | class cooking |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cooking=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | present | bleu cheese | a American spelling |  |  |  | of blue cheese | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In French, «bleu» means blue.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bleu:x1:1
# text = In French, «bleu» means blue.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	bleu	bleu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | bleu | blue |  |  |  | in French | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot blue=Theme in french=Attribute |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Mon sac est bleu» means «My bag is blue».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bleu:x2:1
# text = «Mon sac est bleu» means «My bag is blue».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mon	mon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	sac	sac	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	est	est	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	bleu	bleu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | est bleu |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | My bag |  |  |  |  | blue *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The French flag is «bleu, blanc, rouge».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bleu:x3:1
# text = The French flag is «bleu, blanc, rouge».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	flag	flag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	bleu	bleu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	blanc	blanc	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	rouge	rouge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | the French flag | bleu and blanc |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Une voiture bleue» has an extra e because «voiture» is feminine.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bleu:x4:1
# text = «Une voiture bleue» has an extra e because «voiture» is feminine.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Une	Une	X	FW	_	4	compound	_	_
3	voiture	voiture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	bleue	bleue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	extra	extra	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	e	e	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	voiture	voiture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	feminine	feminine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Une voiture bleue | a extra e |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent e=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | voiture |  |  |  |  | feminine *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad likes his steak «bleu», almost raw.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bleu:x5:1
# text = Grandad likes his steak «bleu», almost raw.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	likes	like	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	steak	steak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	bleu	bleu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	raw	raw	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | present | Grandad | Grandad's steak |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot steak=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She trained as a cordon bleu chef.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bleu:x6:1
# text = She trained as a cordon bleu chef.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	trained	train	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	cordon	cordon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	bleu	bleu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	chef	chef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **train** | past | She |  |  |  |  | as a bleu chef | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as chef=Attribute |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The menu said «bleu cheese dressing».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bleu:x7:1
# text = The menu said «bleu cheese dressing».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	menu	menu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	bleu	bleu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	cheese	cheese	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	dressing	dressing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the menu |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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