---
title: blindness — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «blindness» in the school dictionary: Blindness is being unable to see, either completely or almost completely. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# blindness

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Blindness, his, Colour blindness, illness, Helen, Braille · **What happens:** be, see, mean, not notice, not understand, mistake · **To what, where:** Blindness, people, snow, eyes, mum, cure · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«blindness» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [blindness in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/blindness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Blindness is being unable to see, either completely or almost completely.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:blindness:m1:1
# text = Blindness is being unable to see, either completely or almost completely.
1	Blindness	blindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	cop	_	_
4	unable	unable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	either	either	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc:preconj	_	_
9	completely	completely	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	completely	completely	ADV	RB	_	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Blindness |  |  |  |  | completely, unable *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | Blindness *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Blindness to something means not noticing or not understanding it: «his blindness to his own mistakes».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:blindness:m2:1
# text = Blindness to something means not noticing or not understanding it: «his blindness to his own mistakes».
1	Blindness	blindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	nmod	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	noticing	notice	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	ccomp	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	understanding	understand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	conj	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	blindness	blindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
17	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	mistakes	mistake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Blindness to something |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **notice** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **not** **understand** | gerund |  | Blindness |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |
| 4 | **mistake** *in a quote* |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom mistake «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Colour blindness is when someone cannot tell some colours apart, often red and green.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:blindness:m3:1
# text = Colour blindness is when someone cannot tell some colours apart, often red and green.
1	Colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	blindness	blindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nsubj	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
9	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	det	_	_
10	colours	colour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	apart	apart	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	often	often	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	parataxis	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | can · present | Colour blindness |  |  |  |  | apart, tell *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Blindness can be caused by illness or injury.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:blindness:x1:1
# text = Blindness can be caused by illness or injury.
1	Blindness	blindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | can · passive | illness or injury | Blindness |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Helen Keller lived with blindness and deafness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:blindness:x2:1
# text = Helen Keller lived with blindness and deafness.
1	Helen	Helen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Keller	Keller	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	blindness	blindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	deafness	deafness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | Helen |  |  |  |  | with blindness and deafness | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with blindness=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Braille helps people with blindness to read.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:blindness:x3:1
# text = Braille helps people with blindness to read.
1	Braille	braille	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	blindness	blindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Braille |  | people |  |  | with blindness | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent people=Beneficiary with blindness=Theme |
| 2 | **read** | to-infinitive | Braille *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Colour blindness is more common in boys.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:blindness:x4:1
# text = Colour blindness is more common in boys.
1	Colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	blindness	blindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	5	advmod	_	_
5	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Colour blindness |  |  |  |  | in boys; common *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Snow blindness happens when bright sun reflects off snow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:blindness:x5:1
# text = Snow blindness happens when bright sun reflects off snow.
1	Snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	blindness	blindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	happens	happen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	7	mark	_	_
5	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	reflects	reflect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	off	off	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present | Snow blindness |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **reflect off** | present | bright sun | snow |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Guide dogs help people with blindness to move safely.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:blindness:x6:1
# text = Guide dogs help people with blindness to move safely.
1	Guide	guide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	blindness	blindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	safely	safely	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Guide dogs |  | people |  |  | with blindness | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent people=Beneficiary with blindness=Theme |
| 2 | **move** | to-infinitive | Guide dogs *not said here* |  |  |  |  | safely *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sunglasses protect your eyes from damage that can lead to blindness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:blindness:x7:1
# text = Sunglasses protect your eyes from damage that can lead to blindness.
1	Sunglasses	sunglasses	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	protect	protect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	damage	damage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	lead	lead	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	blindness	blindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | present | Sunglasses | your eyes |  |  |  | from damage | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent eye=Beneficiary from damage=Theme |
| 2 | **lead** | can | damage |  |  |  |  | to blindness | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to blindness=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His blindness to danger worried his mum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:blindness:x8:1
# text = His blindness to danger worried his mum.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	blindness	blindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	worried	worry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **worry** | past | His blindness to danger | blindness's mum |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus mum=Experiencer |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“‘What is the cure for your blindness?’

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:blindness:x9:1
# text = “‘What is the cure for your blindness?’
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cure	cure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	blindness	blindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present |  | the cure |  |  |  | for your blindness | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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