---
title: boasting — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «boasting» in the school dictionary: Talking too proudly about yourself, what you have or what you can do, to make others feel smaller. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# boasting

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, others, act, He, hare, Nobody · **What happens:** talk, have, do, make, feel, stop · **To what, where:** others, fastest runner, nap, race, lunch table, prize · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«boasting» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [boasting in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/boasting.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Talking too proudly about yourself, what you have or what you can do, to make others feel smaller.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boasting:m1:1
# text = Talking too proudly about yourself, what you have or what you can do, to make others feel smaller.
1	Talking	talk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	too	too	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	proudly	proudly	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	9	obj	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	14	obj	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
18	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
19	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
20	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	19	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | about yourself; proudly *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about yourself=Topic |
| 2 | **have** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Patient |
| 3 | **do** | can | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |
| 4 | **make** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | others |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **feel** | infinitive | others *not said here* |  |  |  |  | small *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The act of talking like this.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boasting:m2:1
# text = The act of talking like this.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | gerund | the act *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like this | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stop boasting about your new bike!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boasting:x1:1
# text = Stop boasting about your new bike!
1	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	boasting	boast	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	xcomp	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **boast** *speech: other* | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | about your new bike | vn complain-37.8 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about bike=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He kept boasting that he was the fastest runner.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boasting:x2:1
# text = He kept boasting that he was the fastest runner.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	boasting	boast	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	fastest	fast	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	amod	_	_
9	runner	runner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **boast** *speech: other* | gerund | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | past | he | the fastest runner |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hare was boasting, so he took a nap and lost the race.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boasting:x3:1
# text = The hare was boasting, so he took a nap and lost the race.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hare	hare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	boasting	boast	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	nap	nap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **boast** *speech: other* | past · progressive | the hare |  |  |  |  |  | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **take** | past | hare | a nap |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nap=Theme |
| 3 | **lose** | past | hare *not said here* | the race |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent race=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nobody likes boasting at the lunch table.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boasting:x4:1
# text = Nobody likes boasting at the lunch table.
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	2	nsubj	_	_
2	likes	like	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	boasting	boast	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | present | Nobody |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **boast** *speech: other* *not said to happen* | gerund | Nobody *not said here* |  |  | the lunch table |  |  | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She won the prize but didn't go around boasting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boasting:x5:1
# text = She won the prize but didn't go around boasting.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	prize	prize	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
9	around	around	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	boasting	boast	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | past | She | the prize |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prize=Eventuality |
| 2 | **not** **go around** | past · do-support | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **boast** *speech: other* | gerund | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  | around *property* | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"I'm the best!" he said, boasting again.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boasting:x6:1
# text = "I'm the best!" he said, boasting again.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	boasting	boast	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	advcl	_	_
12	again	again	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the best *= good* |  |  |  |  | good *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: express* | past | the best |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **boast** *speech: other* | gerund | the best *not said here* |  |  |  | again |  | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Boasting about grades can hurt your friends' feelings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boasting:x7:1
# text = Boasting about grades can hurt your friends' feelings.
1	Boasting	boast	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	about	about	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	grades	grade	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	hurt	hurt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	'	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **boast** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | about grades | vn complain-37.8 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about grade=Topic |
| 2 | **hurt** | can | Boasting | your friends's feelings |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer feeling=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My score is nothing to boast about.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boasting:x8:1
# text = My score is nothing to boast about.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	score	score	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	boast	boast	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
7	about	about	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My score | nothing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **boast** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | about *property* | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **score** |  | My |  |  |  |  |  | nom score «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then the Warlock began boasting again.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boasting:x9:1
# text = Then the Warlock began boasting again.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Warlock	Warlock	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	boasting	boast	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	again	again	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | the Warlock |  |  |  | then |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **boast** *speech: other* | gerund | the Warlock *not said here* |  |  |  | again |  | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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