---
title: bogus — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bogus» in the school dictionary: Fake or not real, pretending to be something it is not. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bogus

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** it, That, website, bogus caller, email, we · **What happens:** pretend, be, not be, have, delete, give · **To what, where:** something, real shop, water company, bogus link, link, bogus excuse

<!-- .vabout -->
«bogus» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bogus in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bogus.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fake or not real, pretending to be something it is not.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bogus:m1:1
# text = Fake or not real, pretending to be something it is not.
1	Fake	fake	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	pretending	pretend	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pretend** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **be** | present | it |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: slang — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Unfair or bad, as in «That's so bogus!».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bogus:m2:1
# text = Unfair or bad, as in «That's so bogus!».
1	Unfair	unfair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
5	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
6	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	bogus	bogus	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | That |  |  |  |  | bogus *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That website is bogus; it is not the real shop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bogus:x1:1
# text = That website is bogus; it is not the real shop.
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	website	website	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	bogus	bogus	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | that website |  |  |  |  | bogus *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **is a** | present | website | the real shop |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bogus caller pretended to be from the water company.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bogus:x2:1
# text = A bogus caller pretended to be from the water company.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bogus	bogus	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	caller	caller	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	pretended	pretend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	cop	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pretend** | past | a bogus caller |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive | a bogus caller *not said here* |  |  | the water company |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The email had a bogus link, so we deleted it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bogus:x3:1
# text = The email had a bogus link, so we deleted it.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	email	email	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	bogus	bogus	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	link	link	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	deleted	delete	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the email | a bogus link |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent link=Patient |
| 2 | **delete** | past | we | link |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He gave a bogus excuse for missing practice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bogus:x4:1
# text = He gave a bogus excuse for missing practice.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	bogus	bogus	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	excuse	excuse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	missing	missing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | He | a bogus excuse |  |  |  | for missing practice | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent excuse=Theme for practice=Asset |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The prize message was bogus, a trick to get your details.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bogus:x5:1
# text = The prize message was bogus, a trick to get your details.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	prize	prize	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	bogus	bogus	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	acl	_	_
11	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	details	detail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the prize message |  |  |  |  | bogus *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **get** | to-infinitive | the prize message *not said here* | your details |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer detail=Stimulus |
| 3 | **detail** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom detail «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«No dessert? That's so bogus!» (slang)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «No dessert?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bogus:x6:1
# text = «No dessert?
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	3	det	_	_
3	dessert	dessert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* That's so bogus!»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bogus:x6:2
# text = That's so bogus!»
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	so	so	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	bogus	bogus	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | That |  |  |  |  | bogus *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* (slang)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bogus:x6:3
# text = (slang)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	slang	slang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Police warned about bogus charity collectors.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bogus:x7:1
# text = Police warned about bogus charity collectors.
1	Police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	warned	warn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	bogus	bogus	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	charity	charity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	collectors	collector	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **warn** *speech: warn* | past | Police |  |  |  |  | about bogus charity collectors | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about collector=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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