---
title: bold — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bold» in the school dictionary: Bold means brave and confident, not afraid to take risks. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bold

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Bold, words, bold explorer, you, She, Mum · **What happens:** mean, take, see, be, use, make · **To what, where:** risks, bright colours, dark print, words, unknown seas, title · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«bold» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bold in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bold.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bold means brave and confident, not afraid to take risks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bold:m1:1
# text = Bold means brave and confident, not afraid to take risks.
1	Bold	bold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	brave	brave	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	confident	confident	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	risks	risk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Bold |  |  |  |  | brave *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **take** | to-infinitive | Bold *not said here* | risks |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent risk=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bold means strong and easy to see, like bright colours or thick lines.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bold:m2:1
# text = Bold means strong and easy to see, like bright colours or thick lines.
1	Bold	bold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	colours	colour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Bold |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | Bold *not said here* | bright colours or thick lines |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer colour=Stimulus |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bold (bold type) is thick, dark print used to make words stand out.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bold:m3:1
# text = Bold (bold type) is thick, dark print used to make words stand out.
1	Bold	bold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	bold	bold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	type	type	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	4	punct	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	print	print	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
11	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
14	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
15	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	out	out	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Bold |  |  |  |  | thick *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | dark print *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | words |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **stand out** | infinitive | words *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Ireland — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bold means naughty, especially for children: «Don't be bold!».

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bold:m4:1
# text = Bold means naughty, especially for children: «Don't be bold!».
1	Bold	bold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	naughty	naughty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
12	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	cop	_	_
13	bold	bold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Bold |  |  |  |  | for children; naughty *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **is** *in a quote* | infinitive · do-support |  |  |  |  |  | bold *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bold can mean cheeky or rude.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bold:m5:1
# text = Bold can mean cheeky or rude.
1	Bold	bold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	cheeky	cheeky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Bold |  |  |  |  | cheeky *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bold explorer sailed into unknown seas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bold:x1:1
# text = The bold explorer sailed into unknown seas.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bold	bold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	explorer	explorer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sailed	sail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	unknown	unknown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	seas	sea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sail** | past | the bold explorer |  |  | unknown seas |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent into sea=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write the title in bold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bold:x2:1
# text = Write the title in bold.
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	title	title	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	bold	bold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | imperative | you *not said here* | the title |  | bold |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent title=Theme in bold=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She painted the wall a bold red.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bold:x3:1
# text = She painted the wall a bold red.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	painted	paint	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	bold	bold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paint** | past | She | the wall |  |  |  | a bold red *obl* | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent wall=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Stop being bold!» Mum said to my little brother. (Ireland)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «Stop being bold!»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bold:x4:1
# text = «Stop being bold!»
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	cop	_	_
4	bold	bold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** *in a quote* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | bold *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Mum said to my little brother.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bold:x4:2
# text = Mum said to my little brother.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Mum |  | my little brother |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to brother=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* (Ireland)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bold:x4:3
# text = (Ireland)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was bold of you to ask the head teacher.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bold:x5:1
# text = It was bold of you to ask the head teacher.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	bold	bold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	ask	ask	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | It |  |  |  |  | of you; bold *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | to-infinitive |  |  | the head teacher |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The key words in the text are in bold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bold:x6:1
# text = The key words in the text are in bold.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	key	key	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	text	text	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	bold	bold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the key words in the text |  |  |  |  | bold *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This was rather a bold offer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bold:x7:1
# text = This was rather a bold offer.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	rather	rather	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	bold	bold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	offer	offer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | This | a bold offer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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