---
title: bombardier — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bombardier» in the school dictionary: A bombardier is the member of a bomber aircraft's crew who aims and releases the bombs. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bombardier

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** bombardier, crew, bombardier beetle, beetle, bomber crew, great grandad · **What happens:** be, aim, release, spray, sting, defend · **To what, where:** member, bombs, rank, British Royal Artillery, beetle, hot

<!-- .vabout -->
«bombardier» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bombardier in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bombardier.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bombardier is the member of a bomber aircraft's crew who aims and releases the bombs.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bombardier:m1:1
# text = A bombardier is the member of a bomber aircraft's crew who aims and releases the bombs.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bombardier	bombardier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	member	member	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	bomber	bomber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	aircraft	aircraft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	crew	crew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
12	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	aims	aim	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	releases	release	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	bombs	bomb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a bombardier | the member |  |  |  | of a bomber aircraft's crew | tree rules |
| 2 | **aim** | present | a bomber aircraft's crew |  |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **release** | present | a bomber aircraft's crew *not said here* | the bombs |  |  |  |  | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Causer bomb=Source |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK, army — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bombardier is a rank in the British Royal Artillery, like a corporal.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bombardier:m2:1
# text = A bombardier is a rank in the British Royal Artillery, like a corporal.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bombardier	bombardier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	rank	rank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	Royal	Royal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	Artillery	artillery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	corporal	corporal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a bombardier | a rank and a corporal |  | the British Royal Artillery |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bombardier beetle is a beetle that sprays a hot, stinging chemical from its back end to defend itself.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bombardier:m3:1
# text = A bombardier beetle is a beetle that sprays a hot, stinging chemical from its back end to defend itself.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bombardier	bombardier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	beetle	beetle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	beetle	beetle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	sprays	spray	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	stinging	sting	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
13	chemical	chemical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
16	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	defend	defend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
20	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a bombardier beetle | a beetle |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **spray** | present | a beetle | a hot |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hot=Theme |
| 3 | **sting** | gerund | a beetle *not said here* |  |  |  |  | chemical *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **defend** | to-infinitive | a beetle *not said here* | beetle |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent itself=Beneficiary |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bombardier aimed at the bridge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bombardier:x1:1
# text = The bombardier aimed at the bridge.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bombardier	bombardier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	aimed	aim	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **aim** | participle |  | the bombardier *not said here* |  | the bridge |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bomber crew included a pilot, a navigator and a bombardier.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bombardier:x2:1
# text = The bomber crew included a pilot, a navigator and a bombardier.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bomber	bomber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	crew	crew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	included	include	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pilot	pilot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	navigator	navigator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	bombardier	bombardier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **include** | past | the bomber crew | a pilot and a navigator and a bombardier |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pilot=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bombardier beetle sprays hot liquid at ants.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bombardier:x3:1
# text = A bombardier beetle sprays hot liquid at ants.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bombardier	bombardier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	beetle	beetle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sprays	spray	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	liquid	liquid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	ants	ant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spray** | present | a bombardier beetle |  |  | ants |  | liquid *property* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination-Conative»: agent=Agent at ant=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My great-grandad was a bombardier in the Royal Artillery.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bombardier:x4:1
# text = My great-grandad was a bombardier in the Royal Artillery.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
2	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	grandad	grandad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bombardier	bombardier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	Royal	Royal	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	Artillery	Artillery	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | My great grandad | a bombardier |  | the Royal Artillery |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bombardier beetle makes a little popping sound.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bombardier:x5:1
# text = The bombardier beetle makes a little popping sound.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bombardier	bombardier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	beetle	beetle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	popping	pop	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	amod	_	_
8	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | the bombardier beetle | a little popping sound |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Product |
| 2 | **pop** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bombardiers trained for many months.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bombardier:x6:1
# text = Bombardiers trained for many months.
1	Bombardiers	bombardier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	trained	train	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	months	month	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **train** | participle |  | Bombardiers *not said here* |  |  | month |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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