---
title: bone — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bone» in the school dictionary: A bone is one of the hard, white parts inside the body of a person or animal that make up its skeleton. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bone

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** bone, hard white parts, skull, She, Adults, dog · **What happens:** be, make up, mean, take out, protect, break · **To what, where:** one, skeleton, bones, bone, brain, arm · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«bone» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bone in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bone.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bone is one of the hard, white parts inside the body of a person or animal that make up its skeleton.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bone:m1:1
# text = A bone is one of the hard, white parts inside the body of a person or animal that make up its skeleton.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
11	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
19	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
20	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
21	up	up	ADP	RP	_	20	compound:prt	_	_
22	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a bone | one |  |  |  | of the hard white parts inside the body of a person or animal | tree rules |
| 2 | **make up** | present | the hard white parts inside the body of a person or animal | bone's skeleton |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme skeleton=Pivot |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To bone fish or meat means to take the bones out.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bone:m2:1
# text = To bone fish or meat means to take the bones out.
1	To	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	out	out	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | to bone fish or meat | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **take out** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | the bones |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The skull is the bone that protects your brain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bone:x1:1
# text = The skull is the bone that protects your brain.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	skull	skull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	protects	protect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	brain	brain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the skull | the bone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **protect** | present | the bone | your brain |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brain=Beneficiary |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She broke a bone in her arm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bone:x2:1
# text = She broke a bone in her arm.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | past | She | a bone |  | her arm |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bone=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Adults have 206 bones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bone:x3:1
# text = Adults have 206 bones.
1	Adults	adult	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	206	206	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Adults | 206 bones |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog buried a bone in the garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bone:x4:1
# text = The dog buried a bone in the garden.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	buried	bury	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bury** | past | the dog | a bone |  | the garden |  |  | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent bone=Theme in garden=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Milk helps build strong bones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bone:x5:1
# text = Milk helps build strong bones.
1	Milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	build	build	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
4	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Milk |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **build** | infinitive | Milk *not said here* | strong bones |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset bone=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Watch out for small bones in the fish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bone:x6:1
# text = Watch out for small bones in the fish.
1	Watch	watch	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	out	out	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch out** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for small bones; in the fish | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.theme NP.location»: agent=Agent for bone=Theme in fish=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your thigh bone is the longest bone in your body.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bone:x7:1
# text = Your thigh bone is the longest bone in your body.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	thigh	thigh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	longest	long	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	amod	_	_
7	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Your thigh bone | the longest bone |  | your body |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ground was bone dry after the hot summer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bone:x8:1
# text = The ground was bone dry after the hot summer.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | ground bone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A Wolf once got a bone stuck in his throat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bone:x9:1
# text = A Wolf once got a bone stuck in his throat.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	4	advmod	_	_
4	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	stuck	stick	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	throat	throat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | a Wolf | a bone |  |  |  | once *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bone=Stimulus |
| 2 | **stick** | participle |  | a bone *not said here* |  | Wolf's throat |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in throat=Destination |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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