---
title: bones — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bones» in the school dictionary: The hard white parts inside your body that make your skeleton. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bones

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** hard white parts, dog, bones, Milk, She, small bones · **What happens:** make, give, make up, protect, help, keep · **To what, where:** skeleton, body, Pieces, skull, brain, bones

<!-- .vabout -->
«bones» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bones in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bones.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hard white parts inside your body that make your skeleton.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bones:m1:1
# text = The hard white parts inside your body that make your skeleton.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
5	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | the hard white parts | your skeleton |  | your body |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset skeleton=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pieces of these from animals, for example in meat or fish, or given to a dog.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bones:m2:1
# text = Pieces of these from animals, for example in meat or fish, or given to a dog.
1	Pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	1	nmod	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | participle · passive | a dog | Pieces of these from animals for example in meat or fish |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In phrases: the main parts or outline (the bare bones of a story).

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bones:m3:1
# text = In phrases: the main parts or outline (the bare bones of a story).
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	phrases	phrase	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	outline	outline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	bare	bare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	appos	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your bones make up your skeleton.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bones:x1:1
# text = Your bones make up your skeleton.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make up** | present | Your bones | your skeleton |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme skeleton=Pivot |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The skull is made of bones that protect the brain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bones:x2:1
# text = The skull is made of bones that protect the brain.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	skull	skull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	protect	protect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	brain	brain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | the skull |  |  |  | of bones | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **protect** | present | bones | the brain |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brain=Beneficiary |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Milk and cheese help keep your bones strong.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bones:x3:1
# text = Milk and cheese help keep your bones strong.
1	Milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	cheese	cheese	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Milk and cheese |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **keep** | infinitive | Milk and cheese *not said here* | your bones |  |  |  | strong *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She broke two bones in her arm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bones:x4:1
# text = She broke two bones in her arm.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | past | She | two bones |  | her arm |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bone=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our dog loves chewing bones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bones:x5:1
# text = Our dog loves chewing bones.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	loves	love	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	chewing	chew	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **love** | present | Our dog |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **chew** *not said to happen* | gerund | Our dog *not said here* | bones |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Careful, there are small bones in the fish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bones:x6:1
# text = Careful, there are small bones in the fish.
1	Careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	4	expl	_	_
4	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | small bones in the fish |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dinosaur bones are in the museum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bones:x7:1
# text = Dinosaur bones are in the museum.
1	Dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Dinosaur bones |  |  | the museum |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Babies are born with more bones than adults.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bones:x8:1
# text = Babies are born with more bones than adults.
1	Babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	adults	adult	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | present · passive |  | Babies |  |  |  | with more bones; than adults | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Give me black bones to eat!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bones:x9:1
# text = Give me black bones to eat!
1	Give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	iobj	_	_
3	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | imperative | you *not said here* | black bones | me |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient bone=Theme |
| 2 | **eat** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | black bones *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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