---
title: bonobo — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bonobo» in the school dictionary: A bonobo is an ape very like a chimpanzee but slimmer, with longer legs and a darker face, that lives only in the rainforests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in Africa. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bonobo

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** bonobo, that, Bonobos, females · **What happens:** be, live, lead, share, hug, use · **To what, where:** ape, rainforests, Congo rainforest, closest animal relatives, food, calm arguments

<!-- .vabout -->
«bonobo» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bonobo in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bonobo.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bonobo is an ape very like a chimpanzee but slimmer, with longer legs and a darker face, that lives only in the rainforests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in Africa.

<!-- fold The tree, 33 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bonobo:m1:1
# text = A bonobo is an ape very like a chimpanzee but slimmer, with longer legs and a darker face, that lives only in the rainforests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in Africa.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bonobo	bonobo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ape	ape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	chimpanzee	chimpanzee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	slimmer	slimmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	longer	long	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	15	amod	_	_
15	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	parataxis	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	darker	dark	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	19	amod	_	_
19	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	_
22	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
23	only	only	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	rainforests	rainforest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	Democratic	Democratic	PROPN	NNP	_	30	compound	_	_
30	Republic	Republic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	Congo	Congo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
34	in	in	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a bonobo | a ape |  |  |  | like a chimpanzee but slimmer | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | present | that |  |  | the rainforests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in Africa |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in rainforest=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bonobos live only in the Congo rainforest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bonobo:x1:1
# text = Bonobos live only in the Congo rainforest.
1	Bonobos	bonobo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Congo	Congo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	rainforest	rainforest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Bonobos |  |  | the Congo rainforest |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in rainforest=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bonobos and chimpanzees are our closest animal relatives.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bonobo:x2:1
# text = Bonobos and chimpanzees are our closest animal relatives.
1	Bonobos	bonobo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	chimpanzees	chimpanzee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
6	closest	close	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	8	amod	_	_
7	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	relatives	relative	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Bonobos and chimpanzees | our closest animal relatives |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In bonobo groups, females often lead.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bonobo:x3:1
# text = In bonobo groups, females often lead.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	bonobo	bonobo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	groups	group	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	females	female	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
6	often	often	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	lead	lead	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | present | females |  |  |  |  | in bonobo groups; often *property* | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition in group=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bonobos share food and hug to calm arguments.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bonobo:x4:1
# text = Bonobos share food and hug to calm arguments.
1	Bonobos	bonobo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	share	share	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	hug	hug	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	calm	calm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	arguments	argument	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **share** | present | Bonobos | food |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hug** | infinitive | Bonobos *not said here* | calm arguments |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent argument=Co-Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bonobo used a stick as a tool.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bonobo:x5:1
# text = The bonobo used a stick as a tool.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bonobo	bonobo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	tool	tool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | the bonobo | a stick |  |  |  | as a tool | vn spend\_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent stick=Duration as tool=Attribute |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bonobos are endangered because of hunting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bonobo:x6:1
# text = Bonobos are endangered because of hunting.
1	Bonobos	bonobo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	endangered	endangered	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	6	case	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	_
6	hunting	hunting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Bonobos |  |  |  |  | because hunting; endangered *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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