---
title: bony — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bony» in the school dictionary: Bony means very thin, so the bones can be seen or felt. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bony

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Bony, that, witch, you, fish, stray cat · **What happens:** mean, see, feel, describe, have, make · **To what, where:** bones, food, lot, long bony finger, bony case, brain · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«bony» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bony in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bony.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bony means very thin, so the bones can be seen or felt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bony:m1:1
# text = Bony means very thin, so the bones can be seen or felt.
1	Bony	bony	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	felt	feel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Bony |  |  |  |  | thin *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **see** | can · passive |  | the bones |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
| 3 | **feel** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bony describes food, especially fish, that has a lot of small bones in it.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bony:m2:1
# text = Bony describes food, especially fish, that has a lot of small bones in it.
1	Bony	Bony	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | present | Bony | food and fish |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent food=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | present | that | a lot of small bones in lot |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bony means made of bone or like bone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bony:m3:1
# text = Bony means made of bone or like bone.
1	Bony	bony	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Bony |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | of bone or bone | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The witch pointed a long bony finger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bony:x1:1
# text = The witch pointed a long bony finger.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	witch	witch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pointed	point	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	bony	bony	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	finger	finger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **point** | past | the witch | a long bony finger |  |  |  |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent finger=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Be careful, this fish is very bony.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bony:x2:1
# text = Be careful, this fish is very bony.
1	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	cop	_	_
2	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
4	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	very	very	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	bony	bony	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | careful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | this fish |  |  |  |  | bony *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The stray cat was bony and hungry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bony:x3:1
# text = The stray cat was bony and hungry.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	stray	stray	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	bony	bony	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	hungry	hungry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the stray cat |  |  |  |  | bony *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the stray cat *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your skull is a bony case that protects your brain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bony:x4:1
# text = Your skull is a bony case that protects your brain.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	skull	skull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	bony	bony	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	case	case	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	protects	protect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	brain	brain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Your skull | a bony case |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **protect** | present | a bony case | your brain |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brain=Beneficiary |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My knees are bony.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bony:x5:1
# text = My knees are bony.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	knees	knee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	bony	bony	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My knees |  |  |  |  | bony *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Most fish are bony fish, but sharks are not.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bony:x6:1
# text = Most fish are bony fish, but sharks are not.
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	amod	_	_
2	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	bony	bony	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
9	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Most fish | bony fish but sharks |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **be** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Just above his ankles he clasped and unclasped his long bony fingers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bony:x7:1
# text = Just above his ankles he clasped and unclasped his long bony fingers.
1	Just	just	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
2	above	above	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	ankles	ankle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	clasped	clasp	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	unclasped	unclasp	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
10	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	bony	bony	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	fingers	finger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clasp** | past | he |  |  | his ankles |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **unclasp** | past | he *not said here* | his long bony fingers |  |  |  |  | vn disassemble-23.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent finger=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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