---
title: book — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «book» in the school dictionary: A book is a set of pages with words or pictures, joined at one side inside a cover. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# book

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** book, 3 bags, bag, Zoe, shelf, many books · **What happens:** be, join, write, book, have, give · **To what, where:** set, one side, long written work, table, 4 books, 8 books

<!-- .vabout -->
«book» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [book in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/book.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A book is a set of pages with words or pictures, joined at one side inside a cover.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:book:m1:1
# text = A book is a set of pages with words or pictures, joined at one side inside a cover.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	set	set	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	pages	page	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	pictures	picture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	joined	join	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
16	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	cover	cover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a book | a set |  |  |  | of pages with words or pictures | tree rules |
| 2 | **join** | participle |  |  |  | one side inside a cover |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A book is a long written work, a story or a text: a book about space.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:book:m2:1
# text = A book is a long written work, a story or a text: a book about space.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	text	text	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	parataxis	_	_
17	about	about	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a book | a long written work and a story or a text |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To book is to arrange a place or ticket ahead of time: book a table.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:book:m3:1
# text = To book is to arrange a place or ticket ahead of time: book a table.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	book	book	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	arrange	arrange	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	ticket	ticket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	ahead	ahead	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
14	book	book	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **book** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | arrange *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **book** | infinitive |  | a table |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent table=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I place one book on the table.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:book:x1:1
# text = I place one book on the table.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are 3 bags. Each bag has 4 books.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* There are 3 bags.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:book:x2:1
# text = There are 3 bags.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	bags	bag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | 3 bags |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Each bag has 4 books.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:book:x2:2
# text = Each bag has 4 books.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | each bag | 4 books |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Zoe had 8 books and gave 3 to Tim.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:book:x3:1
# text = Zoe had 8 books and gave 3 to Tim.
1	Zoe	Zoe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Tim	Tim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Zoe | 8 books |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Patient |
| 2 | **give** | past | Zoe *not said here* | 3 | Tim |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent 3=Theme to tim=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A shelf holds 10 books. How many books are on 5 shelves?

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A shelf holds 10 books.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:book:x4:1
# text = A shelf holds 10 books.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shelf	shelf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | a shelf | 10 books |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* How many books are on 5 shelves?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:book:x4:2
# text = How many books are on 5 shelves?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	shelves	shelf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | many books |  |  | 5 shelves |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My favourite book is about dragons.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:book:x5:1
# text = My favourite book is about dragons.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	favourite	favourite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	dragons	dragon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My favourite book |  |  |  |  | about dragons | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write your name in your exercise book.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:book:x6:1
# text = Write your name in your exercise book.
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	exercise	exercise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | imperative | you *not said here* | your name |  | your exercise book |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent name=Theme in book=Destination |
| 2 | **name** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We borrowed three books from the library.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:book:x7:1
# text = We borrowed three books from the library.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	borrowed	borrow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **borrow** | past | We | three books |  | the library |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent book=Theme from library=Source |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum booked tickets for the train.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:book:x8:1
# text = Mum booked tickets for the train.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	booked	book	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	tickets	ticket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **book** | past | Mum | tickets |  |  |  | for the train | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent ticket=Theme for train=Beneficiary |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, that was a picture book!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:book:x9:1
# text = Yes, that was a picture book!
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | that | a picture book |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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