---
title: bookkeeper — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bookkeeper» in the school dictionary: A person whose job is to keep careful records of the money a business earns and spends. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bookkeeper

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, careful records, bookkeeper, corner shop, good bookkeeper, numbers · **What happens:** be, earn, spend, job, record, look · **To what, where:** money, sale, ledger, bookkeeper, mistake, bill

<!-- .vabout -->
«bookkeeper» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bookkeeper in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bookkeeper.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person whose job is to keep careful records of the money a business earns and spends.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bookkeeper:m1:1
# text = A person whose job is to keep careful records of the money a business earns and spends.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	records	record	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	business	business	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	earns	earn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	spends	spend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a person |  |  |  |  | keep *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **earn** | present | careful records of the money |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **spend** | present | careful records of the money *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **job** |  | a person |  |  |  |  |  | nom job «act intransitive»: poss=agent |
| 5 | **record** |  |  | the money |  |  |  |  | nom record «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Someone who looks after books.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bookkeeper:m2:1
# text = Someone who looks after books.
1	Someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present |  |  |  |  | after books |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bookkeeper wrote down every sale in the ledger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bookkeeper:x1:1
# text = The bookkeeper wrote down every sale in the ledger.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bookkeeper	bookkeeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	sale	sale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	ledger	ledger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write down** | past | the bookkeeper | every sale |  | the ledger |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent sale=Theme in ledger=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our corner shop has a bookkeeper who comes on Fridays.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bookkeeper:x2:1
# text = Our corner shop has a bookkeeper who comes on Fridays.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	corner	corner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bookkeeper	bookkeeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Fridays	Friday	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Our corner shop | a bookkeeper |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bookkeeper=Patient |
| 2 | **come** | present | a bookkeeper |  |  |  | friday |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A good bookkeeper checks that the numbers add up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bookkeeper:x3:1
# text = A good bookkeeper checks that the numbers add up.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bookkeeper	bookkeeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	checks	check	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	add	add	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
9	up	up	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | present | a good bookkeeper |  |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **add up** *speech: assert* | present | the numbers |  |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum works as a bookkeeper for a building company.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bookkeeper:x4:1
# text = Mum works as a bookkeeper for a building company.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	as	as	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bookkeeper	bookkeeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | present | Mum |  |  |  |  | as a bookkeeper for a building company | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.attribute PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent as bookkeeper=Attribute |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bookkeeper found a mistake in the bill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bookkeeper:x5:1
# text = The bookkeeper found a mistake in the bill.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bookkeeper	bookkeeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mistake	mistake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bill	bill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | the bookkeeper | a mistake |  | the bill |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mistake=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Bookkeeper» has three double letters in a row!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bookkeeper:x6:1
# text = «Bookkeeper» has three double letters in a row!
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Bookkeeper	bookkeeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
6	double	double	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	row	row	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Bookkeeper | three double letters |  | a row |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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