---
title: bookshelf — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bookshelf» in the school dictionary: A bookshelf is a shelf, or a piece of furniture with several shelves, for keeping books. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bookshelf

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** bookshelf, shelf, She, you, classroom, we · **What happens:** be, keep, have, hold, put, put back · **To what, where:** shelf, books, 5 shelves, 20 books, 120 books, 8 books

<!-- .vabout -->
«bookshelf» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bookshelf in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bookshelf.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bookshelf is a shelf, or a piece of furniture with several shelves, for keeping books.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bookshelf:m1:1
# text = A bookshelf is a shelf, or a piece of furniture with several shelves, for keeping books.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bookshelf	bookshelf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	shelf	shelf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	furniture	furniture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	shelves	shelf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
17	keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
18	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a bookshelf | a shelf |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep** | gerund | a bookshelf *not said here* | books |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each bookshelf has 5 shelves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bookshelf:x1:1
# text = Each bookshelf has 5 shelves.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	bookshelf	bookshelf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	shelves	shelf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | each bookshelf | 5 shelves |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shelf=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each shelf holds 20 books.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bookshelf:x2:1
# text = Each shelf holds 20 books.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	shelf	shelf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | each shelf | 20 books |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bookshelf holds 120 books.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bookshelf:x3:1
# text = The bookshelf holds 120 books.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bookshelf	bookshelf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	120	120	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | the bookshelf | 120 books |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She put 8 books on the bookshelf.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bookshelf:x4:1
# text = She put 8 books on the bookshelf.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bookshelf	bookshelf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | She | 8 books |  | the bookshelf |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme on bookshelf=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put the books back on the bookshelf.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bookshelf:x5:1
# text = Put the books back on the bookshelf.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	back	back	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bookshelf	bookshelf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put back** | imperative | you *not said here* | the books |  | the bookshelf |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme on bookshelf=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our classroom has a bookshelf of comics.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bookshelf:x6:1
# text = Our classroom has a bookshelf of comics.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	classroom	classroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bookshelf	bookshelf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	comics	comic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Our classroom | a bookshelf of comics |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bookshelf=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bookshelf is full, so we need another.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bookshelf:x7:1
# text = The bookshelf is full, so we need another.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bookshelf	bookshelf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the bookshelf |  |  |  |  | full *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **need** | present | we | another |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot another=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad built a bookshelf from wood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bookshelf:x8:1
# text = Dad built a bookshelf from wood.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bookshelf	bookshelf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | Dad | a bookshelf |  | wood |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent bookshelf=Product from wood=Material |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tallest books go on the bottom of the bookshelf.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bookshelf:x9:1
# text = The tallest books go on the bottom of the bookshelf.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	tallest	tall	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	3	amod	_	_
3	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	bookshelf	bookshelf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | the tallest books |  |  | the bottom of the bookshelf |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on bottom=Location |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bookshelf should be fixed to the wall so it can't fall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bookshelf:x10:1
# text = A bookshelf should be fixed to the wall so it can't fall.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bookshelf	bookshelf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	fixed	fix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	fall	fall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fix** | should · passive |  | a bookshelf |  |  |  | to the wall | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Patient to wall=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **not** **fall** | can | bookshelf |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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