---
title: boreal — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «boreal» in the school dictionary: Of the far north, near the Arctic. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# boreal

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** boreal forest, Canada, Moose, Boreal winters, Spruce, Boreal forests · **What happens:** belong, stretch, have, call, live, be · **To what, where:** Canada, huge boreal forests, boreal forest, boreal zone, northern lights, lot · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«boreal» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [boreal in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/boreal.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of the far north, near the Arctic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boreal:m1:1
# text = Of the far north, near the Arctic.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	far	far	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	near	near	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Belonging to the cold northern forest belt of conifer trees (the boreal forest or taiga) that stretches across Canada, Alaska, Scandinavia and Russia.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boreal:m2:1
# text = Belonging to the cold northern forest belt of conifer trees (the boreal forest or taiga) that stretches across Canada, Alaska, Scandinavia and Russia.
1	Belonging	belong	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
5	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	belt	belt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	conifer	conifer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	boreal	boreal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	taiga	taiga	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	stretches	stretch	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
20	across	across	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	Alaska	Alaska	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	Scandinavia	Scandinavia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **belong** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | to the cold northern forest belt of conifer trees and the boreal forest or taiga | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **stretch** | present | the boreal forest or taiga |  |  | Canada and Alaska and Scandinavia and Russia |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across canada=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Canada has huge boreal forests.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boreal:x1:1
# text = Canada has huge boreal forests.
1	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	boreal	boreal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Canada | huge boreal forests |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent forest=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The boreal forest is also called the taiga.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boreal:x2:1
# text = The boreal forest is also called the taiga.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	boreal	boreal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	taiga	taiga	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | the boreal forest |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Moose and lynx live in the boreal forest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boreal:x3:1
# text = Moose and lynx live in the boreal forest.
1	Moose	moose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	lynx	lynx	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	boreal	boreal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Moose and lynx |  |  | the boreal forest |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in forest=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Boreal winters are long and very cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boreal:x4:1
# text = Boreal winters are long and very cold.
1	Boreal	boreal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	winters	winter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Boreal winters |  |  |  |  | long *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Boreal winters *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Spruce and pine trees grow well in the boreal zone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boreal:x5:1
# text = Spruce and pine trees grow well in the boreal zone.
1	Spruce	spruce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	pine	pine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
5	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	boreal	boreal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	zone	zone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Spruce and pine trees |  |  | the boreal zone |  | well *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in zone=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The northern lights are also called the aurora borealis.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boreal:x6:1
# text = The northern lights are also called the aurora borealis.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	aurora	aurora	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	borealis	borealis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | the northern lights |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Boreal forests store a lot of carbon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boreal:x7:1
# text = Boreal forests store a lot of carbon.
1	Boreal	boreal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	store	store	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **store** | present | Boreal forests | a lot of carbon |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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