---
title: born — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «born» in the school dictionary: Born means having come into life. A baby is born on its birthday. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# born

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Born, that, life, plan, 15, He · **What happens:** mean, have, come, bear, be, start · **To what, where:** life, baby, birthday, natural gift, place, Ireland · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«born» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [born in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/born.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Born means having come into life. A baby is born on its birthday.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Born means having come into life.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:born:m1:1
# text = Born means having come into life.
1	Born	born	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	ccomp	_	_
4	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	xcomp	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Born |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **come** | participle |  |  |  | life |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into life=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* A baby is born on its birthday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:born:m1:2
# text = A baby is born on its birthday.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | present · passive |  | a baby |  | baby's birthday |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Born means having a natural gift: «a born singer».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:born:m2:1
# text = Born means having a natural gift: «a born singer».
1	Born	born	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	gift	gift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	singer	singer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Born |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** *not said to happen* | gerund | Born *not said here* | a natural gift |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gift=Patient |
| 3 | **bear** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Born in a place means that is where your life started: «born in Ireland».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:born:m3:1
# text = Born in a place means that is where your life started: «born in Ireland».
1	Born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	11	advmod	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | participle |  |  |  | a place |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **is** | present | that |  |  |  |  | where *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **start** | past | your life |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 5 | **bear** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  | Ireland |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An idea or plan can be born: it starts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:born:m4:1
# text = An idea or plan can be born: it starts.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	starts	start	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | can · passive |  | a idea or plan |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **start** | present | plan |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
5 kittens were born on Monday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:born:x1:1
# text = 5 kittens were born on Monday.
1	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	kittens	kitten	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Monday	Monday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | past · passive |  | 5 kittens |  |  | monday |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tom was born 3 years before his sister.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:born:x2:1
# text = Tom was born 3 years before his sister.
1	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	before	before	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | past · passive |  | Tom |  |  | before Tom's sister; year |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How old is someone born 8 years ago?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:born:x3:1
# text = How old is someone born 8 years ago?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
5	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl:unmarked	_	_
8	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | someone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **bear** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
4 more calves were born, so now there are 15.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:born:x4:1
# text = 4 more calves were born, so now there are 15.
1	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
2	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	amod	_	_
3	calves	calf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	advmod	_	_
9	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	10	expl	_	_
10	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
11	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | past · passive |  | 4 more calves |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **be** | present | 15 |  |  | there | now |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My baby brother was born last spring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:born:x5:1
# text = My baby brother was born last spring.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | past · passive |  | My baby brother |  |  | spring |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was born in Canada but grew up in Scotland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:born:x6:1
# text = She was born in Canada but grew up in Scotland.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | past · passive |  | She |  | Canada |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **grow up** | past |  |  |  | Scotland |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in scotland=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kangaroos are born very small and live in their mother's pouch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:born:x7:1
# text = Kangaroos are born very small and live in their mother's pouch.
1	Kangaroos	kangaroo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	pouch	pouch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | present · passive |  | Kangaroos |  |  |  | small *property* | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **live** | present |  |  |  | Kangaroos's mother's pouch |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in pouch=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He is a born leader.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:born:x8:1
# text = He is a born leader.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is a** | present | He | a born leader |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The idea for the club was born at a sleepover.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:born:x9:1
# text = The idea for the club was born at a sleepover.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	sleepover	sleepover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | past · passive |  | the idea for the club |  | a sleepover |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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