---
title: borrowing — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «borrowing» in the school dictionary: Taking something that belongs to someone else, with their permission, and giving it back later. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# borrowing

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** their, borrowing, one people, I, you, Pyjamas · **What happens:** take, belong, give back, permit, get, pay back · **To what, where:** something, permission, money, bank, person, word · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«borrowing» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [borrowing in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/borrowing.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Taking something that belongs to someone else, with their permission, and giving it back later.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:borrowing:m1:1
# text = Taking something that belongs to someone else, with their permission, and giving it back later.
1	Taking	take	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	belongs	belong	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obl	_	_
7	else	else	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	permission	permission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	back	back	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
17	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | gerund |  | something |  |  |  | with their permission | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **belong** | present |  |  |  |  |  | to someone | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **give back** | gerund |  | permission |  |  |  | late *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 4 | **permit** |  | their *= they* |  |  |  |  |  | nom permission «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: money — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Getting money from a bank or person that must be paid back, often with extra (interest).

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:borrowing:m2:1
# text = Getting money from a bank or person that must be paid back, often with extra (interest).
1	Getting	get	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	0	root	_	_
2	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	paid	pay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl:relcl	_	_
12	back	back	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	often	often	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	extra	extra	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
17	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	interest	interest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | gerund |  | money |  | a bank or person |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent money=Theme from bank=Source |
| 2 | **pay back** | must · passive |  | person |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: language — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A word taken from another language, like «café» from French or «kangaroo» from an Aboriginal language.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:borrowing:m3:1
# text = A word taken from another language, like «café» from French or «kangaroo» from an Aboriginal language.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	café	café	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	nmod	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	kangaroo	kangaroo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
18	from	from	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	Aboriginal	aboriginal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | participle |  | a word *not said here* |  | another language |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent from language=Initial\_Location |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: maths, old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In subtraction, «borrowing» means taking ten from the next column (also called regrouping or exchanging).

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:borrowing:m4:1
# text = In subtraction, «borrowing» means taking ten from the next column (also called regrouping or exchanging).
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	subtraction	subtraction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	borrowing	borrow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	taking	take	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	ccomp	_	_
9	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	obj	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	column	column	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	also	also	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
17	regrouping	regroup	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	xcomp	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	exchanging	exchange	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **borrow** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present | borrowing |  |  | subtraction |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **take** | gerund |  | ten |  | the next column |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent ten=Theme from column=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **call** | participle |  | the next column *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **regroup** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **exchange** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Borrowing can also mean a story or idea that one people take from another and make their own.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:borrowing:m5:1
# text = Borrowing can also mean a story or idea that one people take from another and make their own.
1	Borrowing	borrowing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
12	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	12	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Borrowing | a story or idea |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Topic |
| 2 | **take** | present | one people |  |  | another |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent from another=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **make** | infinitive | one people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | own *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I'm borrowing my sister's bike today.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:borrowing:x1:1
# text = I'm borrowing my sister's bike today.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	borrowing	borrow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **borrow** | present · progressive | I | my sister's bike |  |  | today |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bike=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Borrowing books from the library is free.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:borrowing:x2:1
# text = Borrowing books from the library is free.
1	Borrowing	borrow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **borrow** | gerund |  | books |  | the library |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent book=Theme from library=Source |
| 2 | **is** | present | Borrowing |  |  |  |  | free *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In 42 − 18 you need borrowing from the tens.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:borrowing:x3:1
# text = In 42 − 18 you need borrowing from the tens.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	42	42	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	_
3	−	−	SYM	SYM	_	4	case	_	_
4	18	18	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nmod	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	borrowing	borrow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	tens	ten	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | you |  |  | 42 − 18 |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **borrow** *not said to happen* | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  | the tens |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from ten=Source |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Pyjamas» is a borrowing from Hindi/Urdu.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:borrowing:x4:1
# text = «Pyjamas» is a borrowing from Hindi/Urdu.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Pyjamas	Pyjamas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	borrowing	borrowing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Hindi/Urdu	Hindi/Urdu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Pyjamas | a borrowing |  | Hindi/Urdu |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The country's borrowing is very high.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:borrowing:x5:1
# text = The country's borrowing is very high.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	borrowing	borrowing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the country's borrowing |  |  |  |  | high *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thanks for borrowing me your pen – oops, I mean lending!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:borrowing:x6:1
# text = Thanks for borrowing me your pen – oops, I mean lending!
1	Thanks	thanks	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	discourse	_	_
2	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
3	borrowing	borrow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	acl	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
6	pen	pen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
7	–	–	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	_
8	oops	oop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	mean	mean	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	lending	lend	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **borrow** | gerund | Thanks *not said here* | me |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **lend** *not said to happen* | gerund | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Borrowing tales is a mutual process, and when Indian meets European, European meets Indian; which borrowed from which, is a question which we have very few criteria to decide.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:borrowing:x7:1
# text = Borrowing tales is a mutual process, and when Indian meets European, European meets Indian; which borrowed from which, is a question which we have very few criteria to decide.
1	Borrowing	borrow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	mutual	mutual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	process	process	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
10	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	meets	meet	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
12	European	European	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	European	European	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	meets	meet	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
16	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	borrowed	borrow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
20	from	from	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	question	question	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
26	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	28	obj	_	_
27	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	acl:relcl	_	_
29	very	very	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
30	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	criteria	criterion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obj	_	_
32	to	to	PART	TO	_	33	mark	_	_
33	decide	decide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	25	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **borrow** | gerund |  | tales |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tale=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Borrowing | a mutual process |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **meet** | present |  |  |  |  |  | european *property* | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **meet** | present |  |  |  |  |  | indian *property* | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **borrow** | past | a mutual process | a mutual process |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Theme |
| 6 | **is a** | present | a mutual process | a question |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **have** | present | we | a question |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **decide** | to-infinitive | we *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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