---
title: bostonian — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bostonian» in the school dictionary: A person who comes from or lives in Boston, a big city in Massachusetts, USA. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bostonian

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, pen pal, Bostonians, Bostonian accent, Angry Bostonians, She · **What happens:** come, live, have, do, be, love · **To what, where:** Boston, Bostonian, baseball team, tea, harbour, proud Bostonian

<!-- .vabout -->
«bostonian» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bostonian in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bostonian.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who comes from or lives in Boston, a big city in Massachusetts, USA.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bostonian:m1:1
# text = A person who comes from or lives in Boston, a big city in Massachusetts, USA.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	obl	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Boston	Boston	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Massachusetts	Massachusetts	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | a person |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **live** | present | a person *not said here* |  |  | Boston |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in boston=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Having to do with Boston or its people, such as the Boston accent.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bostonian:m2:1
# text = Having to do with Boston or its people, such as the Boston accent.
1	Having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Boston	Boston	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	14	case	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	Boston	Boston	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	accent	accent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with Boston or its people | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My pen pal is a Bostonian.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bostonian:x1:1
# text = My pen pal is a Bostonian.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	pen	pen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	pal	pal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Bostonian	Bostonian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My pen pal | a Bostonian |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bostonians love their baseball team, the Red Sox.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bostonian:x2:1
# text = Bostonians love their baseball team, the Red Sox.
1	Bostonians	Bostonian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	love	love	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	baseball	baseball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Red	Red	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	Sox	Sox	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **love** | present | Bostonians | Bostonians's baseball team |  |  |  | the Red Sox *obl* | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer team=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Bostonian accent is easy to recognise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bostonian:x3:1
# text = The Bostonian accent is easy to recognise.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Bostonian	bostonian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	accent	accent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	recognise	recognise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the Bostonian accent |  |  |  |  | easy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **recognise** | to-infinitive | the Bostonian accent *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Angry Bostonians threw tea into the harbour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bostonian:x4:1
# text = Angry Bostonians threw tea into the harbour.
1	Angry	angry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Bostonians	Bostonian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	tea	tea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	harbour	harbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw** | past | Angry Bostonians | tea |  |  |  | into the harbour *result* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Causer tea=Theme into harbour=Result |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is a proud Bostonian.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bostonian:x5:1
# text = She is a proud Bostonian.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	proud	proud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	Bostonian	Bostonian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | She | a proud Bostonian |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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