---
title: botanical — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «botanical» in the school dictionary: Botanical means to do with plants or with botany, the science of plants. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# botanical

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Botanical, We, botanical name, She, dandelion, botanical gardens · **What happens:** mean, do, make, visit, see, be · **To what, where:** plants, botanical garden, giant water lily, Helianthus annuus, botanical drawing, botanical samples · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«botanical» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [botanical in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/botanical.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Botanical means to do with plants or with botany, the science of plants.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:botanical:m1:1
# text = Botanical means to do with plants or with botany, the science of plants.
1	Botanical	botanical	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	botany	botany	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Botanical |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with plants or botany and the science of plants | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Botanical means made from plants, as in botanical oils or medicines.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:botanical:m2:1
# text = Botanical means made from plants, as in botanical oils or medicines.
1	Botanical	botanical	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	botanical	botanical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	oils	oil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	medicines	medicine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Botanical |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  |  |  | plants and botanical oils or medicines |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from plant=Material |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We visited the botanical garden and saw a giant water lily.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:botanical:x1:1
# text = We visited the botanical garden and saw a giant water lily.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	visited	visit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	botanical	botanical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	lily	lily	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **visit** | past | We | the botanical garden |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent garden=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **see** | past | We *not said here* | a giant water lily |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lily=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The botanical name for the sunflower is Helianthus annuus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:botanical:x2:1
# text = The botanical name for the sunflower is Helianthus annuus.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	botanical	botanical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sunflower	sunflower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	Helianthus	Helianthus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	annuus	annuus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the botanical name for the sunflower | Helianthus annuus |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She made a botanical drawing of a dandelion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:botanical:x3:1
# text = She made a botanical drawing of a dandelion.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	botanical	botanical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	drawing	drawing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	dandelion	dandelion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | She | a botanical drawing of a dandelion |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drawing=Product |
| 2 | **draw** |  | a dandelion |  |  |  |  |  | nom drawing «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The botanical gardens in Sydney are next to the harbour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:botanical:x4:1
# text = The botanical gardens in Sydney are next to the harbour.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	botanical	botanical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	gardens	garden	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Sydney	Sydney	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
7	next	next	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	harbour	harbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the botanical gardens in Sydney |  |  |  |  | to the harbour; next *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists collect botanical samples from the rainforest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:botanical:x5:1
# text = Scientists collect botanical samples from the rainforest.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	collect	collect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	botanical	botanical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	samples	sample	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	rainforest	rainforest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **collect** | present | Scientists | botanical samples |  | the rainforest |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent sample=Theme from rainforest=Source |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This shampoo is made with botanical oils.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:botanical:x6:1
# text = This shampoo is made with botanical oils.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	shampoo	shampoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	botanical	botanical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	oils	oil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | this shampoo |  |  |  | with botanical oils | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kew Gardens is a famous botanical garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:botanical:x7:1
# text = Kew Gardens is a famous botanical garden.
1	Kew	Kew	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Gardens	Garden	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	botanical	botanical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Kew Gardens | a famous botanical garden |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I will tell you what to do, and the botanical professor, who lives close by here, will be so surprised.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:botanical:x8:1
# text = I will tell you what to do, and the botanical professor, who lives close by here, will be so surprised.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	7	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	botanical	botanical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	professor	professor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
16	close	close	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	15	advmod	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
20	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
21	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	cop	_	_
22	so	so	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	surprised	surprised	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | future | I |  | you |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent you=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |
| 3 | **live** | present | the botanical professor |  |  |  |  | close *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by here=Location |
| 4 | **is** | future | the botanical professor |  |  |  |  | surprised *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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