---
title: botanist — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «botanist» in the school dictionary: A botanist is a scientist who studies plants: how they grow, where they live and how they are related. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# botanist

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** botanist, scientist, plants, Botany, botanists, We · **What happens:** be, study, grow, live, do, find · **To what, where:** scientist, plants, science, new kind, botanists, leaves · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«botanist» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [botanist in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/botanist.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A botanist is a scientist who studies plants: how they grow, where they live and how they are related.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:botanist:m1:1
# text = A botanist is a scientist who studies plants: how they grow, where they live and how they are related.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	botanist	botanist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	scientist	scientist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	studies	study	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	16	advmod	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
18	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	21	advmod	_	_
19	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
21	related	related	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a botanist | a scientist |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **study** | present | a scientist | plants |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Topic |
| 3 | **grow** | present | plants *= plant* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **live** | present | plants *= plant* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **is** | present | plants *= plant* |  |  |  |  | related *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Botany is the science that botanists do.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:botanist:m2:1
# text = Botany is the science that botanists do.
1	Botany	botany	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	obj	_	_
6	botanists	botanist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Botany | the science |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | present | botanists | the science |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A botanist studies plants and flowers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:botanist:x1:1
# text = A botanist studies plants and flowers.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	botanist	botanist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	studies	study	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | present | a botanist | plants and flowers |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The botanist found a new kind of orchid.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:botanist:x2:1
# text = The botanist found a new kind of orchid.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	botanist	botanist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	orchid	orchid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | the botanist | a new kind of orchid |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kind=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We were botanists for the day and collected leaves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:botanist:x3:1
# text = We were botanists for the day and collected leaves.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	botanists	botanist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	collected	collect	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | We | botanists |  |  | day |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **collect** | past | We *not said here* | leaves |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Botanists work in gardens, labs and rainforests.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:botanist:x4:1
# text = Botanists work in gardens, labs and rainforests.
1	Botanists	botanist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	work	work	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	gardens	garden	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	labs	lab	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	rainforests	rainforest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | present | Botanists |  |  |  |  | in gardens and labs and rainforests | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in garden=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The botanist explained how seeds spread.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:botanist:x5:1
# text = The botanist explained how seeds spread.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	botanist	botanist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	explained	explain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	seeds	seed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	spread	spread	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **explain** *speech: assert* | past | the botanist |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **spread** | present | seeds |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Joseph Banks was a botanist on a long sea voyage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:botanist:x6:1
# text = Joseph Banks was a botanist on a long sea voyage.
1	Joseph	Joseph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	Banks	Banks	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	botanist	botanist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	voyage	voyage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Joseph | a botanist |  | a long sea voyage |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What the botanist tells us after a number of imperfect lectures, the flower proclaimed in a minute.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:botanist:x7:1
# text = What the botanist tells us after a number of imperfect lectures, the flower proclaimed in a minute.
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	botanist	botanist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	imperfect	imperfect	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	lectures	lecture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	flower	flower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
15	proclaimed	proclaim	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	minute	minute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | the botanist |  | us |  | after a number of imperfect lectures and the flower |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient what=Topic |
| 2 | **proclaim** | participle |  | the flower *not said here* |  |  | minute |  | vn confess-37.10 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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