---
title: boulder — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «boulder» in the school dictionary: A boulder is a very large, rounded rock, too big to pick up. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# boulder

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** boulder, huge boulder, glacier, We, sign, It · **What happens:** round, be, pick up, block, carry, climb · **To what, where:** large rounded rock, path, boulders, ten people, boulder, novice

<!-- .vabout -->
«boulder» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [boulder in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/boulder.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A boulder is a very large, rounded rock, too big to pick up.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boulder:m1:1
# text = A boulder is a very large, rounded rock, too big to pick up.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boulder	boulder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	rounded	round	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	too	too	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	pick	pick	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	up	up	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **round** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a boulder | a large rounded rock |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **pick up** | to-infinitive | a boulder *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V PP.topic S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A huge boulder blocked the path.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boulder:x1:1
# text = A huge boulder blocked the path.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	boulder	boulder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	blocked	block	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **block** | past | a huge boulder | the path |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer path=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The glacier carried boulders down the valley.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boulder:x2:1
# text = The glacier carried boulders down the valley.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	glacier	glacier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	boulders	boulder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	down	down	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | past | the glacier | boulders |  |  |  | down the valley | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boulder=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We climbed on the boulders at the beach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boulder:x3:1
# text = We climbed on the boulders at the beach.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	climbed	climb	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	boulders	boulder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **climb** | past | We |  |  | the boulders |  | at the beach | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on boulder=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sign warned of falling boulders.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boulder:x4:1
# text = The sign warned of falling boulders.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	warned	warn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	falling	fall	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	amod	_	_
6	boulders	boulder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **warn** *speech: warn* | past | the sign |  |  |  |  | of falling boulders | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP PP.topic»: agent=Agent of boulder=Topic |
| 2 | **fall** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It took ten people to push the boulder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boulder:x5:1
# text = It took ten people to push the boulder.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	push	push	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	boulder	boulder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | It |  | ten people |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument people=Destination |
| 2 | **push** | to-infinitive |  | the boulder |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boulder=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Over a long time, water wore the boulder smooth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boulder:x6:1
# text = Over a long time, water wore the boulder smooth.
1	Over	over	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	boulder	boulder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | water | the boulder |  |  | time | smooth *property* | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent boulder=Source |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One feels quite a novice beside these venerable million-year-old boulders.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boulder:x7:1
# text = One feels quite a novice beside these venerable million-year-old boulders.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nsubj	_	_
2	feels	feel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	quite	quite	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	5	det:predet	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	novice	novice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
7	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	14	det	_	_
8	venerable	venerable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
9	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	boulders	boulder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | present | One | quite novice |  | this venerable old boulders |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent novice=Theme beside boulder=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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