---
title: boy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «boy» in the school dictionary: A boy is a male child or a young man. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# boy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** boy, boys, boyo, Calling, Exams, 14 boys · **What happens:** be, say, show, mean, call, grow · **To what, where:** male child, boy, surprise, group, friendly words, dog · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«boy» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [boy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/boy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A boy is a male child or a young man.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boy:m1:1
# text = A boy is a male child or a young man.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	male	male	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a boy | a male child or a young man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Boy!» or «Oh boy!» is said to show surprise or excitement, mostly in the USA.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boy:m2:1
# text = «Boy!» or «Oh boy!» is said to show surprise or excitement, mostly in the USA.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Boy	boy	INTJ	UH	_	12	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	8	discourse	_	_
8	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	surprise	surprise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	excitement	excitement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | boy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | to-infinitive |  | surprise or excitement |  |  |  | in the USA | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent surprise=Patient in usa=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«The boys» means a group of male friends: «out with the boys»; «boyo» (Wales, Ireland), «laddie» (Scotland) are friendly words for a boy.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boy:m3:1
# text = «The boys» means a group of male friends: «out with the boys»; «boyo» (Wales, Ireland), «laddie» (Scotland) are friendly words for a boy.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	male	male	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	out	out	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
19	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	boyo	boyo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	_
22	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	Wales	Wales	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	laddie	laddie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	29	punct	_	_
31	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	32	punct	_	_
34	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	36	cop	_	_
35	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
37	for	for	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | the boys | a group of male friends |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | boyo and laddie | friendly words |  |  |  | for a boy | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Boy» or «good boy» is said to a dog.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boy:m4:1
# text = «Boy» or «good boy» is said to a dog.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Boy	Boy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | Boy or good boy | a dog |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Topic to dog=Recipient |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: rude — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Calling a grown man «boy» can be an insult; «mummy's boy» teases a boy who is close to his mum.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boy:m5:1
# text = Calling a grown man «boy» can be an insult; «mummy's boy» teases a boy who is close to his mum.
1	Calling	call	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	cop	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	insult	insult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	mummy	mummy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	's	's	PART	POS	_	14	case	_	_
16	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
18	teases	tease	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	parataxis	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
23	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	acl:relcl	_	_
24	to	to	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | gerund |  |  | a grown man |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent man=Recipient |
| 2 | **grow** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is a** | can | Calling | a insult |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **tease** | present | mummy's boy | a boy |  |  |  |  | vn bully-59.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boy=Patient |
| 5 | **is** | present | a boy |  |  |  |  | to boy's mum; close *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Exams and forms say «male pupil», «a male child», «juvenile» or «a minor».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boy:m6:1
# text = Exams and forms say «male pupil», «a male child», «juvenile» or «a minor».
1	Exams	exam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	forms	form	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	male	male	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	male	male	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	juvenile	juvenile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	minor	minor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Exams and forms | male pupil |  |  |  | a male child *obl* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent pupil=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are 14 boys and 16 girls in the class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boy:x1:1
# text = There are 14 boys and 16 girls in the class.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	14	14	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	16	16	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	girls	girl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | 14 boys and 16 girls |  |  | the class; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in class=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each boy gets 3 pencils.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boy:x2:1
# text = Each boy gets 3 pencils.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	pencils	pencil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present | each boy | 3 pencils |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer pencil=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many more girls than boys are there?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boy:x3:1
# text = How many more girls than boys are there?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	girls	girl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | many more girls than boys |  |  |  |  | there *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The boys picked 40 apples.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boy:x4:1
# text = The boys picked 40 apples.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	picked	pick	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	40	40	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pick** | past | the boys | 40 apples |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apple=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The boy next door has a dog.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boy:x5:1
# text = The boy next door has a dog.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the boy  next door | a dog |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Good morning, boys and girls!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boy:x6:1
# text = Good morning, boys and girls!
1	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	appos	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	girls	girl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The boys' football team won the cup.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boy:x7:1
# text = The boys' football team won the cup.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	'	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | past | the boys's football team | the cup |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cup=Eventuality |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Oh boy, 3 pizzas just for us!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boy:x8:1
# text = Oh boy, 3 pizzas just for us!
1	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	pizzas	pizza	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
6	just	just	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Out with the boys, 6 of us, back by 9.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boy:x9:1
# text = Out with the boys, 6 of us, back by 9.
1	Out	out	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	appos	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	back	back	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Good boy, Rex, sit!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boy:x10:1
# text = Good boy, Rex, sit!
1	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	Rex	Rex	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	sit	sit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | infinitive | Good boy *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A class comprises 30 pupils, of whom 14 are male. State the number of female pupils.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A class comprises 30 pupils, of whom 14 are male.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boy:x11:1
# text = A class comprises 30 pupils, of whom 14 are male.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	comprises	comprise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	obl	_	_
9	14	14	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	male	male	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **comprise** | present | a class | 30 pupils |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme pupil=Pivot |
| 2 | **is** | present | 14 |  |  |  |  | male *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* State the number of female pupils.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boy:x11:2
# text = State the number of female pupils.
1	State	state	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	female	female	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **state** *speech: other* | imperative | you *not said here* | the number of female pupils |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent number=Topic |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stop teasing him and calling him a mummy's boy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boy:x12:1
# text = Stop teasing him and calling him a mummy's boy.
1	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	teasing	tease	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	xcomp	_	_
3	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	calling	call	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	conj	_	_
6	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	mummy	mummy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **tease** | gerund | you *not said here* | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn bully-59.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient |
| 3 | **call** | gerund | you *not said here* | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme boy=Result |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was quite a practical boy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boy:x13:1
# text = He was quite a practical boy.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	quite	quite	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	6	det:predet	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	practical	practical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | He | quite practical boy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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