---
title: boyfriend — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «boyfriend» in the school dictionary: A boyfriend is a boy or man that someone is in a romantic relationship with. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# boyfriend

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**Who acts:** boyfriend, someone, Auntie, He, ex-boyfriend, film · **What happens:** be, come, go, give, introduce, send · **To what, where:** boy, romantic relationship, Ireland, holiday, flowers, birthday

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«boyfriend» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [boyfriend in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/boyfriend.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A boyfriend is a boy or man that someone is in a romantic relationship with.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boyfriend:m1:1
# text = A boyfriend is a boy or man that someone is in a romantic relationship with.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boyfriend	boyfriend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
9	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	14	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	romantic	romantic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	relationship	relationship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a boyfriend | a boy or man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | someone |  |  | a romantic relationship |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My sister's boyfriend came for Sunday lunch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boyfriend:x1:1
# text = My sister's boyfriend came for Sunday lunch.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	boyfriend	boyfriend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	Sunday	Sunday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | My sister's boyfriend |  |  |  |  | for Sunday lunch | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Auntie Jo and her boyfriend went to Ireland on holiday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boyfriend:x2:1
# text = Auntie Jo and her boyfriend went to Ireland on holiday.
1	Auntie	Auntie	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	Jo	Jo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	boyfriend	boyfriend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
6	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	holiday	holiday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | Auntie and her boyfriend |  | Ireland | holiday |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to ireland=Initial\_Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her boyfriend gave her flowers on her birthday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boyfriend:x3:1
# text = Her boyfriend gave her flowers on her birthday.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	boyfriend	boyfriend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Her boyfriend | boyfriend's flowers |  | boyfriend's birthday |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.asset»: agent=Agent flower=Theme on birthday=Asset |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He introduced his boyfriend to the family.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boyfriend:x4:1
# text = He introduced his boyfriend to the family.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	introduced	introduce	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	boyfriend	boyfriend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **introduce** | past | He | his boyfriend |  |  |  | to the family | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent boyfriend=Patient to family=Co-Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cousin's ex-boyfriend still sends her birthday cards.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boyfriend:x5:1
# text = My cousin's ex-boyfriend still sends her birthday cards.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	ex-boyfriend	ex-boyfriend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	still	still	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	sends	send	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	cards	card	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | present | My cousin's ex-boyfriend | ex-boyfriend's birthday cards |  |  | still |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent card=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The film is about a girl who meets her boyfriend at school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:boyfriend:x6:1
# text = The film is about a girl who meets her boyfriend at school.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	about	about	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	meets	meet	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	boyfriend	boyfriend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the film | a girl |  |  |  | about *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **meet** | present | a girl | girl's boyfriend |  | school |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boyfriend=Co-Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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