---
title: braille — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «braille» in the school dictionary: A system of raised dots that blind and partly sighted people read by touching them with their fingers. Each letter is a pattern of up to six dots. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# braille

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** letter, aunt, lift buttons, Louis, We, our · **What happens:** raise, sight, read, touch, be, have · **To what, where:** people, pattern, books, braille, teenager, braille letter

<!-- .vabout -->
«braille» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [braille in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/braille.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A system of raised dots that blind and partly sighted people read by touching them with their fingers. Each letter is a pattern of up to six dots.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A system of raised dots that blind and partly sighted people read by touching them with their fingers.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:braille:m1:1
# text = A system of raised dots that blind and partly sighted people read by touching them with their fingers.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	raised	raise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	dots	dot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	blind	blind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	partly	partly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	sighted	sight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	touching	touch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
15	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	fingers	finger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **sight** | past |  | people |  |  |  | partly *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **read** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **touch** | gerund |  | people |  |  |  | with people's fingers | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent they=Experiencer with finger=Instrument |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Each letter is a pattern of up to six dots.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:braille:m1:2
# text = Each letter is a pattern of up to six dots.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pattern	pattern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	dots	dot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | each letter | a pattern |  |  |  | of six dots | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My aunt reads books in braille.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:braille:x1:1
# text = My aunt reads books in braille.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	aunt	aunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reads	read	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	braille	braille	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | present | My aunt | books |  | braille |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lift buttons have braille on them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:braille:x2:1
# text = The lift buttons have braille on them.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	lift	lift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	buttons	button	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	braille	braille	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the lift buttons | braille |  |  |  | on them *= they* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent braille=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Louis Braille invented braille when he was a teenager.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:braille:x3:1
# text = Louis Braille invented braille when he was a teenager.
1	Louis	Louis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Braille	Braille	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	invented	invent	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	braille	braille	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	teenager	teenager	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invent** | past | Louis | braille |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent braille=Result |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Louis | a teenager |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each braille letter is made of up to six raised dots.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:braille:x4:1
# text = Each braille letter is made of up to six raised dots.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
2	braille	braille	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
10	raised	raise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	dots	dot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | each braille letter |  |  |  | of six raised dots | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **raise** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We wrote our names in braille using glue dots.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:braille:x5:1
# text = We wrote our names in braille using glue dots.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	braille	braille	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	using	use	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	glue	glue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	dots	dot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | We | our names |  | braille |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent name=Theme in braille=Destination |
| 2 | **use** | gerund | We *not said here* | glue dots |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dot=Patient |
| 3 | **name** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The medicine box has the name in braille.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:braille:x6:1
# text = The medicine box has the name in braille.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	braille	braille	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the medicine box | the name |  | braille |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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