---
title: braised — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «braised» in the school dictionary: Cooked slowly in a covered pot with a little liquid, after first being browned in hot fat. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# braised

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** past tense, Gran, Braised red cabbage, menu, Braised leeks, Chinese · **What happens:** cook, cover, brown, braise, mash, be · **To what, where:** beef, We, carrots, Christmas, braised lamb, meat

<!-- .vabout -->
«braised» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [braised in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/braised.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cooked slowly in a covered pot with a little liquid, after first being browned in hot fat.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:braised:m1:1
# text = Cooked slowly in a covered pot with a little liquid, after first being browned in hot fat.
1	Cooked	cook	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	pot	pot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	liquid	liquid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
13	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	15	advmod	_	_
14	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	browned	brown	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	conj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	fat	fat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cook** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | in a covered pot with a little liquid; slowly *property* | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V PP.result PP.instrument»: agent=Patient in pot=Instrument |
| 2 | **cover** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **brown** | gerund · passive |  |  |  |  |  | in hot fat; first *property* | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V PP.result PP.instrument»: in fat=Instrument |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The past tense and past participle of «braise», as in «she braised the beef».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:braised:m2:1
# text = The past tense and past participle of «braise», as in «she braised the beef».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	tense	tense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	participle	participle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	braise	braise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	fixed	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	braised	braise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	beef	beef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **braise** *in a quote* | past | the past tense and past participle of braise | the beef |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent beef=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We had braised beef with mashed potatoes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:braised:x1:1
# text = We had braised beef with mashed potatoes.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	braised	braise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	beef	beef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	mashed	mash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	potatoes	potato	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **braise** | past · perfect · passive |  | We |  |  |  | with mashed potatoes | tree rules |
| 2 | **mash** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gran braised the carrots in orange juice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:braised:x2:1
# text = Gran braised the carrots in orange juice.
1	Gran	Gran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	braised	braise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	carrots	carrot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	orange	orange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	juice	juice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **braise** | past | Gran | the carrots |  |  |  | in orange juice | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent carrot=Patient in juice=Instrument |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Braised red cabbage is lovely at Christmas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:braised:x3:1
# text = Braised red cabbage is lovely at Christmas.
1	Braised	braise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
2	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cabbage	cabbage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	lovely	lovely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **braise** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | Braised red cabbage |  |  | Christmas |  | lovely *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The menu offered braised lamb with peas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:braised:x4:1
# text = The menu offered braised lamb with peas.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	menu	menu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	offered	offer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	braised	braise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	lamb	lamb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	peas	pea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offer** | past | the menu | braised lamb |  |  |  | with peas | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent lamb=Theme |
| 2 | **braise** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The meat was braised for three hours until soft.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:braised:x5:1
# text = The meat was braised for three hours until soft.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	braised	braise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	until	until	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **braise** | past · passive |  | the meat |  |  | until soft; hour |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Braised leeks taste sweet and buttery.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:braised:x6:1
# text = Braised leeks taste sweet and buttery.
1	Braised	braise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	leeks	leek	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	taste	taste	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	buttery	buttery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **braise** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **taste** | present | Braised leeks |  |  |  |  | sweet *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chinese braised pork is cooked in soy sauce.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:braised:x7:1
# text = Chinese braised pork is cooked in soy sauce.
1	Chinese	Chinese	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	braised	braise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	pork	pork	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	cooked	cook	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	soy	soy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	sauce	sauce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **braise** | past | Chinese |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **cook** | present · passive |  | pork |  |  |  | in soy sauce | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient in sauce=Instrument |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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