---
title: brakes — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «brakes» in the school dictionary: Brakes are the parts of a bike, car, train or other vehicle that slow it down or stop it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# brakes

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Brakes, that, she, He, you, Wet brakes · **What happens:** be, slow down, stop, brake, mean, use · **To what, where:** parts, vehicle, brakes, bike, bus driver, two brakes · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«brakes» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [brakes in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/brakes.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Brakes are the parts of a bike, car, train or other vehicle that slow it down or stop it.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brakes:m1:1
# text = Brakes are the parts of a bike, car, train or other vehicle that slow it down or stop it.
1	Brakes	brake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	slow	slow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	parataxis	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	down	down	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	conj	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Brakes | the parts |  |  |  | of a bike and car | tree rules |
| 2 | **slow down** | present | that | vehicle |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 3 | **stop** | infinitive | that *not said here* | vehicle |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality it=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He or she brakes means he or she uses the brakes to slow down or stop.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brakes:m2:1
# text = He or she brakes means he or she uses the brakes to slow down or stop.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	brakes	brake	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	conj	_	_
9	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	brakes	brake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	slow	slow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
14	down	down	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **brake** | present | she |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **use** | present | he | the brakes |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brake=Patient |
| 4 | **slow down** | to-infinitive | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **stop** | infinitive | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Check your brakes before you ride your bike.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brakes:x1:1
# text = Check your brakes before you ride your bike.
1	Check	check	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	brakes	brake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	ride	ride	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | imperative | you *not said here* | your brakes |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brake=Theme |
| 2 | **ride** | present | you | your bike |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bike=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bus driver slammed on the brakes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brakes:x2:1
# text = The bus driver slammed on the brakes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	driver	driver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	slammed	slam	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	brakes	brake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slam** | participle |  | the bus driver *not said here* |  | the brakes |  |  | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wet brakes take longer to stop the bike.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brakes:x3:1
# text = Wet brakes take longer to stop the bike.
1	Wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	brakes	brake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | Wet brakes |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **stop** | to-infinitive | Wet brakes *not said here* | the bike |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality bike=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The car brakes squealed at the crossing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brakes:x4:1
# text = The car brakes squealed at the crossing.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	brakes	brake	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	squealed	squeal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	xcomp	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	crossing	crossing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **brake** | present | the car |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **squeal** | participle | the car *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at the crossing | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Agent at crossing=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My bike has two brakes on the handlebars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brakes:x5:1
# text = My bike has two brakes on the handlebars.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	brakes	brake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	handlebars	handlebar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | My bike | two brakes |  | the handlebars |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brake=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Brakes use friction to slow the wheels down.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brakes:x6:1
# text = Brakes use friction to slow the wheels down.
1	Brakes	brake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	friction	friction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	slow	slow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	wheels	wheel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	down	down	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Brakes | friction |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friction=Patient |
| 2 | **slow down** | to-infinitive | Brakes *not said here* | the wheels |  |  |  | down *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent wheel=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She brakes gently when going downhill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brakes:x7:1
# text = She brakes gently when going downhill.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	brakes	brake	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	gently	gently	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
5	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	downhill	downhill	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **brake** | present | She |  |  |  |  | gently *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | gerund | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  | downhill *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The train's brakes hissed as it stopped.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brakes:x8:1
# text = The train's brakes hissed as it stopped.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	brakes	brake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	hissed	hiss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hiss** | past | the train's brakes |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **stop** | past | train |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He held on savagely, and stuck out his feet to act as brakes on the dark slope of the hot, moist earth.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brakes:x9:1
# text = He held on savagely, and stuck out his feet to act as brakes on the dark slope of the hot, moist earth.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	savagely	savagely	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	stuck	stick	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
8	out	out	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	act	act	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	brakes	brake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	slope	slope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
21	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
23	moist	moist	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold on** | past | He |  |  |  |  | savagely *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **stick out** | past |  | his feet |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent foot=Theme |
| 3 | **act** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | as brakes on the dark slope of the hot moist earth | vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as brake=Attribute |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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