---
title: brandish — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «brandish» in the school dictionary: To brandish is to wave or shake a weapon or object in the air, to show it off or to threaten. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/brandish/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [B](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/) / brandish

# brandish

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** knight, coachman, She, you · **What happens:** be, shake, show off, threaten, brandish, burn · **To what, where:** weapon, air, sword, whip, burning torch, stick

<!-- .vabout -->
«brandish» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 4 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [brandish in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/brandish.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To brandish is to wave or shake a weapon or object in the air, to show it off or to threaten.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brandish:m1:1
# text = To brandish is to wave or shake a weapon or object in the air, to show it off or to threaten.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	brandish	brandish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	advcl	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	wave	wave	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	shake	shake	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	weapon	weapon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	object	object	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	show	show	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	off	off	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	threaten	threaten	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | wave *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **shake** | infinitive |  | a weapon or object |  | the air |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent weapon=Theme in air=Trajectory |
| 3 | **show off** | to-infinitive |  | air |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Recipient |
| 4 | **threaten** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The knight brandished his sword.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brandish:x1:1
# text = The knight brandished his sword.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	brandished	brandish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **brandish** | past | the knight | knight's sword |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The coachman brandished his whip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brandish:x2:1
# text = The coachman brandished his whip.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	coachman	coachman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	brandished	brandish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	whip	whip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **brandish** | past | the coachman | coachman's whip |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She brandished a burning torch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brandish:x3:1
# text = She brandished a burning torch.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	brandished	brandish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	torch	torch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **brandish** | past | She | a burning torch |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **burn** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't brandish that stick at your brother.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brandish:x4:1
# text = Don't brandish that stick at your brother.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	brandish	brandish	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **brandish** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | that stick |  |  |  | at your brother | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [brand](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/brand/)
- next →: [brandy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/brandy/)
- ↑ back to [B in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/B/)