---
title: bravery — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bravery» in the school dictionary: Bravery is being brave: doing something good or right even when it is dangerous, hard or scary. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bravery

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Bravery, firefighter, It, girl, you, knight · **What happens:** be, do, get, take, say, show · **To what, where:** something, medal, bravery, great bravery, cowards · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«bravery» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bravery in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bravery.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bravery is being brave: doing something good or right even when it is dangerous, hard or scary.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bravery:m1:1
# text = Bravery is being brave: doing something good or right even when it is dangerous, hard or scary.
1	Bravery	bravery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	cop	_	_
4	brave	brave	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
6	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	_
8	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
11	even	even	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
12	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	15	mark	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	scary	scary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Bravery |  |  |  |  | brave *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | gerund | Bravery *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 3 | **is** | present | Bravery |  |  |  |  | dangerous *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | Bravery *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The firefighter got a medal for bravery.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bravery:x1:1
# text = The firefighter got a medal for bravery.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	firefighter	firefighter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	medal	medal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	bravery	bravery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | the firefighter | a medal |  |  |  | for bravery | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent medal=Theme for bravery=Source |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It takes bravery to say sorry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bravery:x2:1
# text = It takes bravery to say sorry.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	bravery	bravery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	sorry	sorry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | It | bravery |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bravery=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: apologize* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | sorry *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The girl showed great bravery when she called for help.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bravery:x3:1
# text = The girl showed great bravery when she called for help.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	bravery	bravery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the girl | great bravery |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent bravery=Recipient |
| 2 | **call** | past | girl |  |  |  |  | for help | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S\_INF»: agent=Agent for help=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bravery doesn't mean you're never scared.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bravery:x4:1
# text = Bravery doesn't mean you're never scared.
1	Bravery	bravery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	scared	scared	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **mean** | present · do-support | Bravery |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | scared *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The knight was famous for his bravery.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bravery:x5:1
# text = The knight was famous for his bravery.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	bravery	bravery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the knight |  |  |  |  | for his bravery; famous *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Standing up to a bully takes bravery.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bravery:x6:1
# text = Standing up to a bully takes bravery.
1	Standing	stand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	csubj	_	_
2	up	up	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bully	bully	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	bravery	bravery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand up** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | to a bully | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **take** | present | Standing | bravery |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bravery=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘Dear Walter, remember that it is only cowards who boast; a really brave man never talks of his bravery.’

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bravery:x7:1
# text = ‘Dear Walter, remember that it is only cowards who boast; a really brave man never talks of his bravery.’
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Dear	dear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Walter	Walter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	remember	remember	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	only	only	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	cowards	coward	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	boast	boast	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
15	really	really	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	brave	brave	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
18	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
19	talks	talk	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	bravery	bravery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remember** | infinitive | Dear Walter |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | it | cowards |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **boast** *speech: other* | present | cowards |  |  |  |  |  | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **not** **talk** | present | a brave man |  |  |  |  | of man's bravery | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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