---
title: bravo — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bravo» in the school dictionary: A word shouted to praise someone for doing something very well, especially at the end of a performance: «Bravo!». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bravo

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Bravo, audience, song, teacher, I, postcode · **What happens:** shout, praise, do, be, hire, end · **To what, where:** word, someone, something, end, piano piece, Alpha · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«bravo» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bravo in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bravo.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A word shouted to praise someone for doing something very well, especially at the end of a performance: «Bravo!».

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bravo:m1:1
# text = A word shouted to praise someone for doing something very well, especially at the end of a performance: «Bravo!».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	shouted	shout	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	praise	praise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	_
10	very	very	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	performance	performance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
21	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	Bravo	bravo	INTJ	UH	Number=Sing	2	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shout** *speech: express* | participle |  | a word *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **praise** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme |
| 3 | **do** | gerund |  | something |  |  | at the end of a performance | well *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Bravo» is the word for the letter B in the international spelling alphabet (Alpha, Bravo, Charlie …).

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bravo:m2:1
# text = «Bravo» is the word for the letter B in the international spelling alphabet (Alpha, Bravo, Charlie …).
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Bravo	bravo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	B	B	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	flat	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	international	international	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
16	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	Alpha	Alpha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	Bravo	bravo	INTJ	UH	Number=Sing	21	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	Charlie	Charlie	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
22	…	…	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Bravo | the word |  |  |  | for the letter in the international spelling alphabet | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun, old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hired thug or killer, in old stories.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bravo:m3:1
# text = A hired thug or killer, in old stories.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	hired	hire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	thug	thug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	killer	killer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hire** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Bravo!» shouted the audience when the song ended.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bravo:x1:1
# text = «Bravo!» shouted the audience when the song ended.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Bravo	bravo	INTJ	UH	Number=Sing	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
5	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	audience	audience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	11	mark	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	ended	end	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | the audience |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **end** | past | the song |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher said «Bravo!» when I finished my piano piece.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bravo:x2:1
# text = The teacher said «Bravo!» when I finished my piano piece.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Bravo	bravo	INTJ	UH	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	finished	finish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
11	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	piano	piano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the teacher |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **finish** | past | I | my piano piece |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector piece=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My postcode starts with «Bravo Sierra».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bravo:x3:1
# text = My postcode starts with «Bravo Sierra».
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	postcode	postcode	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	starts	start	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Bravo	Bravo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	Sierra	Sierra	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | present | My postcode |  |  |  |  | with Bravo | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with bravo=Subeventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pilot spelled out «Bravo, Alpha».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bravo:x4:1
# text = The pilot spelled out «Bravo, Alpha».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pilot	pilot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	spelled	spell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Bravo	bravo	INTJ	UH	Number=Sing	8	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Alpha	Alpha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spell out** | participle | the pilot *not said here* | Alpha |  |  |  |  | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bravo, you've tidied your room at last!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bravo:x5:1
# text = Bravo, you've tidied your room at last!
1	Bravo	bravo	INTJ	UH	Number=Sing	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	've	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	tidied	tidy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tidy** | present · perfect | you | your room |  | last |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cries of «bravo» filled the theatre.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bravo:x6:1
# text = Cries of «bravo» filled the theatre.
1	Cries	cry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	bravo	bravo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	filled	fill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	theatre	theatre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | past | Cries of bravo | the theatre |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent theatre=Patient |
| 2 | **cry** |  | bravo |  |  |  |  |  | nom cry «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Bravo, Polendina!” cried the same tiny voice which came from no one knew where.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bravo:x7:1
# text = “Bravo, Polendina!” cried the same tiny voice which came from no one knew where.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Bravo	bravo	INTJ	UH	Number=Sing	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	Polendina	Polendina	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
14	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
15	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	16	det	_	_
16	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	_
18	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	17	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | Polendina | the same tiny voice |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent voice=Topic |
| 2 | **come** | past | the same tiny voice |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **know** | past | no one |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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