---
title: breeches — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «breeches» in the school dictionary: Short trousers fastened just below the knee, worn by men in the past and today for horse riding (riding breeches). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# breeches

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Short trousers, king, She, Pirates, He, footman · **What happens:** fasten, wear, pull, get, win, buckle · **To what, where:** knee, past, velvet breeches, loose breeches, breeches, costume

<!-- .vabout -->
«breeches» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [breeches in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/breeches.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Short trousers fastened just below the knee, worn by men in the past and today for horse riding (riding breeches).

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:breeches:m1:1
# text = Short trousers fastened just below the knee, worn by men in the past and today for horse riding (riding breeches).
1	Short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	trousers	trousers	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fastened	fasten	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	just	just	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	below	below	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	knee	knee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	worn	wear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	riding	riding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
20	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	riding	riding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	breeches	breech	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fasten** | past | Short trousers | the knee |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knee=Patient |
| 2 | **wear** | participle |  | the knee *not said here* |  | the past for horse riding and today |  | by men | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal, old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Trousers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:breeches:m2:1
# text = Trousers.
1	Trousers	trousers	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The king wore velvet breeches and white stockings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:breeches:x1:1
# text = The king wore velvet breeches and white stockings.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	velvet	velvet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	breeches	breech	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	stockings	stocking	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | the king | velvet breeches and white stockings |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent breech=Source |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She pulled on her riding breeches before her lesson.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:breeches:x2:1
# text = She pulled on her riding breeches before her lesson.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pulled	pull	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	riding	riding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	breeches	breech	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	before	before	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pull** | past | She |  |  |  | before her lesson | on her riding breeches | vn push-12-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent on breech=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pirates wore loose breeches.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:breeches:x3:1
# text = Pirates wore loose breeches.
1	Pirates	pirate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	loose	loose	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	breeches	breech	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | Pirates | loose breeches |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent breech=Source |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He's getting too big for his breeches since he won.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:breeches:x4:1
# text = He's getting too big for his breeches since he won.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	getting	get	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	breeches	breech	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present · progressive | He |  |  |  |  | big *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **win** | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The footman wore breeches and buckled shoes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:breeches:x5:1
# text = The footman wore breeches and buckled shoes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	footman	footman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	breeches	breech	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	buckled	buckle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | the footman | breeches and buckled shoes |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent breech=Source |
| 2 | **buckle** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Breeches stop just below the knee.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:breeches:x6:1
# text = Breeches stop just below the knee.
1	Breeches	breech	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stop	stop	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	just	just	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	below	below	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	knee	knee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | present | Breeches | the knee |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality knee=Eventuality |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Breeches of crimson velvet, silk stockings, and low, silver-buckled slippers completed his costume.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:breeches:x7:1
# text = Breeches of crimson velvet, silk stockings, and low, silver-buckled slippers completed his costume.
1	Breeches	breech	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	crimson	crimson	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	velvet	velvet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	silk	silk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	stockings	stocking	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
10	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
12	silver	silver	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	buckled	buckle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	_
15	slippers	slipper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
16	completed	complete	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	costume	costume	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buckle** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **complete** | past | Breeches of crimson velvet and silk stockings | his costume |  |  |  |  | vn complete-55.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent costume=Eventuality |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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