---
title: breed — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «breed» in the school dictionary: A breed is a particular kind of dog, cat, horse or farm animal, like a Labrador or a poodle. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# breed

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** breed, animals, Labrador, Frogs, Farmers, Rabbits · **What happens:** be, breed, have, choose, grow, happen · **To what, where:** particular kind, babies, animals, parents, something, friendly breed

<!-- .vabout -->
«breed» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [breed in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/breed.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A breed is a particular kind of dog, cat, horse or farm animal, like a Labrador or a poodle.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:breed:m1:1
# text = A breed is a particular kind of dog, cat, horse or farm animal, like a Labrador or a poodle.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	breed	breed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	particular	particular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	like	like	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	Labrador	Labrador	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	poodle	poodle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a breed | a particular kind |  |  |  | of dog; cat and horse or farm animal *nmod* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To breed is for animals to mate and have babies.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:breed:m2:1
# text = To breed is for animals to mate and have babies.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	breed	breed	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	acl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breed** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | for animals | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | present |  | babies |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baby=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To breed animals or plants is to keep them so they have young, choosing the parents carefully.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:breed:m3:1
# text = To breed animals or plants is to keep them so they have young, choosing the parents carefully.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	breed	breed	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
3	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
13	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	choosing	choose	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
18	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breed** | to-infinitive |  | animals or plants |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | keep *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | present | animals *= animal* |  |  |  |  | young *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **choose** | gerund |  | the parents |  |  |  | carefully *property* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent parent=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To breed something, such as a feeling or a problem, is to cause it to grow or happen.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:breed:m4:1
# text = To breed something, such as a feeling or a problem, is to cause it to grow or happen.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	breed	breed	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	cause	cause	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breed** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | cause *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **grow** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **happen** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What breed is your dog?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:breed:x1:1
# text = What breed is your dog?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	breed	breed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | breed |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A Labrador is a friendly breed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:breed:x2:1
# text = A Labrador is a friendly breed.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Labrador	labrador	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	breed	breed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a Labrador | a friendly breed |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Frogs breed in ponds in spring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:breed:x3:1
# text = Frogs breed in ponds in spring.
1	Frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	breed	breed	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	ponds	pond	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breed** | present | Frogs |  |  | ponds | spring |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Farmers breed sheep for wool.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:breed:x4:1
# text = Farmers breed sheep for wool.
1	Farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	breed	breed	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	wool	wool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breed** | present | Farmers | sheep |  |  |  | for wool | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This breed of cat has no fur.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:breed:x5:1
# text = This breed of cat has no fur.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	breed	breed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | this breed of cat | no fur |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fur=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rabbits breed very quickly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:breed:x6:1
# text = Rabbits breed very quickly.
1	Rabbits	rabbit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	breed	breed	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breed** | present | Rabbits |  |  |  |  | quickly *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Collies were bred to herd sheep.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:breed:x7:1
# text = Collies were bred to herd sheep.
1	Collies	collie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	bred	breed	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	herd	herd	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
6	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breed** | past · passive |  | Collies |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **herd** | to-infinitive |  | sheep |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent sheep=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Birds build nests in the breeding season.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:breed:x8:1
# text = Birds build nests in the breeding season.
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	build	build	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	nests	nest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	breeding	breeding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	season	season	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | present | Birds | nests |  |  | season |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nest=Product |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is quite remarkable how one good action always breeds another.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:breed:x9:1
# text = It is quite remarkable how one good action always breeds another.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	remarkable	remarkable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
7	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	10	advmod	_	_
10	breeds	breed	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
11	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | remarkable *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **breed** | present | one good action | another |  |  |  | always *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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