---
title: briar — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «briar» in the school dictionary: A briar is a prickly bush or wild rose with thorny stems that grows in hedges and woods. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# briar

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** briar, thorny stems, prince, briars, he, bramble · **What happens:** be, grow, have, cut, reach, scratch · **To what, where:** prickly bush, hedges, castle, arms, walls

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«briar» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [briar in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/briar.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A briar is a prickly bush or wild rose with thorny stems that grows in hedges and woods.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:briar:m1:1
# text = A briar is a prickly bush or wild rose with thorny stems that grows in hedges and woods.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	briar	briar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	prickly	prickly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	bush	bush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	rose	rose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	thorny	thorny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	stems	stem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	hedges	hedge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	woods	wood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a briar | a prickly bush or wild rose with thorny stems |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | present | thorny stems |  |  | hedges and woods |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in hedge=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The prince had to cut through the thick briar to reach the castle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:briar:x1:1
# text = The prince had to cut through the thick briar to reach the castle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	cut	cut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	through	through	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	briar	briar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	reach	reach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the prince |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cut** | to-infinitive | the prince *not said here* |  |  |  |  | through the thick briar | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent through briar=Patient |
| 3 | **reach** | to-infinitive | the prince *not said here* | the castle |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent castle=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The briars scratched his arms as he pushed through.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:briar:x2:1
# text = The briars scratched his arms as he pushed through.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	briars	briar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	scratched	scratch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	pushed	push	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	through	through	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scratch** | past | the briars | his arms |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Theme |
| 2 | **push through** | past | he |  |  |  |  | through *property* | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bramble and briar grew over the walls of the palace.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:briar:x3:1
# text = The bramble and briar grew over the walls of the palace.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bramble	bramble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	briar	briar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	palace	palace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | the bramble and briar |  |  | the walls of the palace |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over wall=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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