---
title: bronze — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «bronze» in the school dictionary: Bronze is a hard brown-gold metal made by mixing copper and tin. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# bronze

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Bronze, She, People, bronze statue, Gold, skin · **What happens:** be, make, mix, win, stand, go · **To what, where:** hard gold metal, copper, medal, object, brown colour, bronze

<!-- .vabout -->
«bronze» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [bronze in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/bronze.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bronze is a hard brown-gold metal made by mixing copper and tin.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bronze:m1:1
# text = Bronze is a hard brown-gold metal made by mixing copper and tin.
1	Bronze	bronze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
4	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
5	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	mixing	mix	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
12	copper	copper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	tin	tin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Bronze | a hard gold metal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a hard gold metal *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **mix** | gerund |  | copper and tin |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent copper=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bronze is a medal for third place.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bronze:m2:1
# text = A bronze is a medal for third place.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bronze	bronze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	medal	medal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	third	third	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	8	amod	_	_
8	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a bronze | a medal |  |  |  | for third place | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A statue or object made of bronze.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bronze:m3:1
# text = A statue or object made of bronze.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	statue	statue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	object	object	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	bronze	bronze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | object *not said here* |  |  |  | of bronze | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bronze is a reddish-brown colour, like a suntan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bronze:m4:1
# text = Bronze is a reddish-brown colour, like a suntan.
1	Bronze	bronze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	reddish	reddish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	suntan	suntan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Bronze | a brown colour and a suntan |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She won bronze in the swimming race.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bronze:x1:1
# text = She won bronze in the swimming race.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	bronze	bronze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	swimming	swimming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | past | She | bronze |  | the swimming race |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bronze=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bronze is made from copper and tin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bronze:x2:1
# text = Bronze is made from copper and tin.
1	Bronze	bronze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	copper	copper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	tin	tin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Bronze |  | copper and tin |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from copper=Material |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People in the Bronze Age made tools from bronze.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bronze:x3:1
# text = People in the Bronze Age made tools from bronze.
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Bronze	Bronze	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Age	Age	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	tools	tool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	bronze	bronze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | People in the Bronze Age | tools |  | bronze |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent tool=Product from bronze=Material |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bronze statue stands in the park.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bronze:x4:1
# text = A bronze statue stands in the park.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bronze	bronze	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	statue	statue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present | a bronze statue |  |  | the park |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in park=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gold, silver and bronze go to first, second and third.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bronze:x5:1
# text = Gold, silver and bronze go to first, second and third.
1	Gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	bronze	bronze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
6	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	second	second	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	advmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	third	third	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | Gold and silver and bronze |  |  |  |  | second *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to first=Initial\_Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His skin looked bronze after the beach holiday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bronze:x6:1
# text = His skin looked bronze after the beach holiday.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	bronze	bronze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	holiday	holiday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | His skin | bronze |  |  | after the beach holiday |  | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme bronze=Attribute |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“A bronze ring that is hidden under a cushion.”

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:bronze:x7:1
# text = “A bronze ring that is hidden under a cushion.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	bronze	bronze	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	hidden	hide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	under	under	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cushion	cushion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hide** *in a quote* | present · passive |  | a bronze ring |  | a cushion |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Patient under cushion=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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