---
title: brooding — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «brooding» in the school dictionary: Thinking for a long time about something that makes you sad, worried or angry. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# brooding

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** eggs, He, Dark brooding clouds, brooding hen, you, hero · **What happens:** think, make, look, threaten, brood, sit · **To what, where:** you, clouds, eggs, lost match, mountains, mist

<!-- .vabout -->
«brooding» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [brooding in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/brooding.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thinking for a long time about something that makes you sad, worried or angry.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brooding:m1:1
# text = Thinking for a long time about something that makes you sad, worried or angry.
1	Thinking	think	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nmod	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	worried	worried	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	angry	angry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  | time |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **make** | present |  | you |  |  |  | sad *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset you=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Looking dark, gloomy or threatening, like brooding clouds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brooding:m2:1
# text = Looking dark, gloomy or threatening, like brooding clouds.
1	Looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	gloomy	gloomy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	threatening	threaten	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	brooding	brood	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
10	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **threaten** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **brood** | gerund |  | clouds |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: of birds — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sitting on eggs to keep them warm until they hatch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brooding:m3:1
# text = Sitting on eggs to keep them warm until they hatch.
1	Sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
8	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	hatch	hatch	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | gerund |  |  |  | eggs |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on egg=Location |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  | eggs *= egg* |  |  |  | warm *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 3 | **hatch** | present | eggs *= egg* |  |  |  |  |  | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.patient V PP.product»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He sat brooding over the lost match.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brooding:x1:1
# text = He sat brooding over the lost match.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	brooding	brood	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **brood** | gerund | He *not said here* |  |  | the lost match |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **lose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dark, brooding clouds hung over the mountains.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brooding:x2:1
# text = Dark, brooding clouds hung over the mountains.
1	Dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	brooding	brood	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	amod	_	_
4	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	hung	hang	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **brood** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **hang** | past | Dark brooding clouds |  |  | the mountains |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over mountain=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The brooding hen would not leave her eggs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brooding:x3:1
# text = The brooding hen would not leave her eggs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	brooding	brooding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	hen	hen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **leave** | would | the brooding hen | hen's eggs |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stop brooding and talk to someone about it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brooding:x4:1
# text = Stop brooding and talk to someone about it.
1	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	brooding	brood	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	xcomp	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	talk	talk	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obl	_	_
7	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **brood** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **talk** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to someone | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to someone=Co-Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hero was quiet and brooding.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brooding:x5:1
# text = The hero was quiet and brooding.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hero	hero	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	brooding	brood	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the hero |  |  |  |  | quiet *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **brood** | gerund | the hero *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The castle looked brooding in the mist.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brooding:x6:1
# text = The castle looked brooding in the mist.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	brooding	brood	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	mist	mist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the castle |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **brood** | gerund | the castle *not said here* |  |  | the mist |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One day as Mongan sat in the sun, brooding lamentably on his fate, mac an Da’v came to him.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brooding:x7:1
# text = One day as Mongan sat in the sun, brooding lamentably on his fate, mac an Da’v came to him.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	as	as	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Mongan	Mongan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	brooding	brood	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
11	lamentably	lamentably	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	fate	fate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	mac	mac	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
17	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	Da’v	Da'v	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
19	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	ccomp	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | One day as Mongan |  |  | the sun |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in sun=Location |
| 2 | **brood** | gerund | One day as Mongan *not said here* |  |  |  |  | on Mongan's fate; lamentably *property* | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent on fate=Topic |
| 3 | **mac** | infinitive | One day as Mongan *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **come** | past | a Da’v |  | Mongan |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to he=Initial\_Location |
| 5 | **fate** |  | Mongan |  |  |  |  |  | nom fate «event transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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