---
title: brother — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «brother» in the school dictionary: A brother is a boy or man who has the same parents as you. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# brother

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** brother, man, half brother, stepbrother, She, Tom · **What happens:** be, have, share, give, learn, walk · **To what, where:** boy, same parents, one parent, son, close male friend, 4 candies

<!-- .vabout -->
«brother» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [brother in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/brother.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A brother is a boy or man who has the same parents as you.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brother:m1:1
# text = A brother is a boy or man who has the same parents as you.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a brother | a boy or man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present | man | the same parents |  |  |  | as you | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent parent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A half-brother shares one parent; a stepbrother is the son of your stepparent.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brother:m2:1
# text = A half-brother shares one parent; a stepbrother is the son of your stepparent.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	shares	share	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	parent	parent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	stepbrother	stepbrother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	stepparent	stepparent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **share** | present | a half brother | one parent |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a stepbrother | the son |  |  |  | of your stepparent | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A brother can be a close male friend or a member of a group, like a monk.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brother:m3:1
# text = A brother can be a close male friend or a member of a group, like a monk.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	male	male	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	member	member	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	like	like	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	monk	monk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | a brother | a close male friend or a member of a group and a monk |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her brother is 3 years older.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brother:x1:1
# text = Her brother is 3 years older.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Her brother |  |  |  | year | old *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She gave 4 candies to her brother.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brother:x2:1
# text = She gave 4 candies to her brother.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	candies	candy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | She | 4 candies | her brother |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent candy=Theme to brother=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tom has 2 brothers and 1 sister.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brother:x3:1
# text = Tom has 2 brothers and 1 sister.
1	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	brothers	brother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Tom | 2 brothers and 1 sister |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brother=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her brother has twice as many cards.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brother:x4:1
# text = Her brother has twice as many cards.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	twice	twice	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	6	advmod	_	_
5	as	as	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cards	card	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Her brother | many cards |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent card=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My little brother is learning to walk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brother:x5:1
# text = My little brother is learning to walk.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	learning	learn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | present · progressive | My little brother |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **walk** | to-infinitive | My little brother *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Do you have any brothers or sisters?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brother:x6:1
# text = Do you have any brothers or sisters?
1	Do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	brothers	brother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	sisters	sister	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present · do-support | you | any brothers or sisters |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brother=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My big brother walks me to school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brother:x7:1
# text = My big brother walks me to school.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	walks	walk	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | present | My big brother | me |  | school |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent i=Theme to school=Trajectory |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The two brothers built a tree house.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brother:x8:1
# text = The two brothers built a tree house.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	brothers	brother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | the two brothers | a tree house |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent house=Product |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My half-brother lives with his dad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brother:x9:1
# text = My half-brother lives with his dad.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
2	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | My half brother |  |  |  |  | with brother's dad | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with dad=Location |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The brothers shared the cake equally.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brother:x10:1
# text = The brothers shared the cake equally.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	brothers	brother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shared	share	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	equally	equally	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **share** | past | the brothers | the cake |  |  |  | equally *property* | tree rules |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Where are your brothers?" asked he.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:brother:x11:1
# text = "Where are your brothers?" asked he.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	cop	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	brothers	brother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
8	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	cop	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | your brothers |  |  |  |  | where *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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